Design and Implementation of Two-Layer Compact Wideband Butler Matrices in SIW Technology for Ku-Band Applications

The design and realization of a novel wideband two-layer 4 × 4 Butler matrix in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology are addressed. The two-layer SIW design is exploited through a two-fold enhancement approach. The two-layer topology is first explored in a simple matrix layout with minimu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 2011-02, Vol.59 (2), p.503-512
Main Authors: Mohamed Ali, Ahmed Ali, Fonseca, N J G, Coccetti, F, Aubert, H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antennas
Applied sciences
Beam forming networks
Butler matrix
Circuits
Computer simulation
Couplers
Exact sciences and technology
Frequency measurement
Matrices
multilayer
Noise levels
Phase measurement
Phases
Radiocommunications
Reflection
substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology
Substrates
Systems, networks and services of telecommunications
Telecommunications
Telecommunications and information theory
Topology
Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments)
Transmission line matrix methods
Wideband
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Summary:The design and realization of a novel wideband two-layer 4 × 4 Butler matrix in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology are addressed. The two-layer SIW design is exploited through a two-fold enhancement approach. The two-layer topology is first explored in a simple matrix layout with minimum number of components. A space saving design is then proposed making optimum use of the two-layer topology and the SIW technology leading to a significant size reduction. A two-level, low-loss, wideband SIW transition is designed and optimized using its equivalent circuit model. The two corresponding Butler matrix prototypes are optimized, fabricated and measured. Measured and simulated results are in good agreement. Isolation characteristics better than -15 dB with input reflection levels lower than - 12 dB are experimentally validated over 24% frequency bandwidth centered at 12.5 GHz. Measured transmission magnitudes and phases exhibit good dispersive characteristics of 1 dB, around an average value of -6.8 dB, and 10° with respect to the theoretical phase values, respectively, over the entire frequency band. The impact of the measured transmission phases and magnitudes on the radiation pattern of a 4-element antenna array is also investigated.
ISSN:0018-926X
1558-2221
DOI:10.1109/TAP.2010.2093499