Simultaneous Wireless Power Transfer and Data Telemetry Using Dual-Band Smart Contact Lens

• Published in: IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 2022-04, Vol.70 (4), p.2990-3001
• Main Authors: Zada, Muhammad, Shah, Izaz Ali, Basir, Abdul, Yoo, Hyoungsuk
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antennas; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible; Contact lenses; Diameters; Dielectric properties; Dipole antennas; Dual band; Eye movements; Human performance; Ionizing radiation; Lenses; Light emitting diodes; Microstrip antennas; noninvasive; Polydimethylsiloxane; Radiation protection; radio frequency exposure; Saline solutions; smart contact lens (SCL); Software radio; software-defined radio; specific absorption rate (SAR); Spiral antennas; Substrates; Telemetry; Transmitters; Transmitting antennas; Wireless communication; wireless power transfer (WPT); Wireless power transmission
• ISSN: 0018-926X; 1558-2221
• DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3125389

An efficient noninvasive system for simultaneous transmission of wireless power and data is vital for continuous human health monitoring. In this article, we present a self-tuned spiral-shaped antenna with dual-band characteristics operating at 920 MHz and 2.4 GHz for efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) and data telemetry, respectively. To avoid vision blockage, the proposed smart contact lens (SCL) dipole antenna comprises two symmetrical spiral arms with inner and outer diameters of 10 and 14 mm, respectively. The SCL antenna was printed on a thin flexible polyimide substrate with a biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating. The influence of dispersed dielectric properties of PDMS on SCL antenna performance was investigated. Furthermore, the antenna was combined with a miniaturized rectifier and a micro-LED to demonstrate wireless LED illumination on a saline-filled model head. The power transfer efficiency (PTE) as a function of eye movement in the form of a path gain was also investigated. In addition, the PTE across the distance variations from 10 to 30 mm was computed, and a −17.85 dB was achieved at a separation of 12 mm. A specific absorption rate analysis was performed to determine human eye safety under radio frequency exposure from the external transmitter and the results complied with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines. Furthermore, a theoretical link power budget analysis was experimentally validated using software-defined radio. Measurements of s-parameters were noted through the use of a saline solution to mimic a realistic human eye and were found to have a reasonable correlation with the simulated results.