The κ-μ / Inverse Gamma and η-μ / Inverse Gamma Composite Fading Models: Fundamental Statistics and Empirical Validation

• Published in: IEEE transactions on communications 2021-08, Vol.69 (8), p.5514-5530
• Main Authors: Yoo, Seong Ki, Simmons, Nidhi, Cotton, Simon L., Sofotasios, Paschalis C., Matthaiou, Michail, Valkama, Mikko, Karagiannidis, George K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: <italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">η-μ fading model; <italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">κ-μ fading model; Biological system modeling; Channel modeling; Closed-form solutions; composite fading channel; Computational modeling; Distribution functions; Empirical analysis; Exact solutions; Fading; Fading channels; Goodness of fit; Infinite series; inverse gamma distribution; Inverse problems; Line of sight; Mathematical models; Parameters; Probability density function; Probability density functions; Quadratures; resistor-average distance; Shadow mapping; Statistical analysis; Statistical distributions; Wave power
• ISSN: 0090-6778; 1558-0857
• DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2780110

The \kappa - \mu / inverse gamma and \eta - \mu / inverse gamma composite fading models are presented and extensively investigated in this paper. We derive closed-form expressions for the fundamental statistics of the \kappa - \mu / inverse gamma composite fading model, such as the probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF). Additionally, we solve the associated integral that is commonly used to obtain the moment generating function (MGF) of statistical distributions to provide an MGF-type function which is valid for performance analysis over the specified parameter space. Analytic expressions for the PDF, higher order moments and AF are also derived for the \eta - \mu / inverse gamma composite fading model, while infinite series expressions are obtained for the corresponding CDF and MGF-type function. The suitability of the new models for characterizing composite fading channels is demonstrated through a series of extensive field measurements for wearable, cellular, and vehicular communications. For all of the measurements, two propagation geometry problems with special relevance to the two new composite fading models, namely the line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) channel conditions, are considered. It is found that both the \kappa - \mu / inverse gamma and \eta - \mu / inverse gamma composite fading models provide an excellent fit to fading conditions encountered in the field. The goodness-of-fit of these two composite fading models is also evaluated and compared using the resistor-average distance. As a result, it is shown that the