A Source Coding Perspective on Node Deployment in Two-Tier Networks

• Published in: IEEE transactions on communications 2018-07, Vol.66 (7), p.3035-3049
• Main Authors: Guo, Jun, Koyuncu, Erdem, Jafarkhani, Hamid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Cellular networks; Computer simulation; Convexity; Distortion; Distortion measurement; Energy conservation; energy consumption; Linear transformations; Optimization; Partitioning algorithms; Quantization (signal); Remote sensors; Sensors; Source coding; vector quantization; Wireless sensor networks
• ISSN: 0090-6778; 1558-0857
• DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2018.2809737

Multi-tier networks have many applications in different fields. We define a novel two-tier quantizer that can be applied to different node deployment problems including the energy conservation in two-tier wireless sensor networks consisting of N access points (APs) and M fusion centers (FCs). We aim at finding an optimal deployment of APs and FCs to minimize the average weighted total, or Lagrangian, of sensor and AP powers. For one FC, M=1 , we show that the optimal deployment of APs is simply a linear transformation of the optimal N -level quantizer for density f , and the sole FC should be located at the geometric centroid of the sensing field. We also provide the exact expression of the AP-Sensor power function and prove its convexity. For more than one FC, M>1 , we provide a necessary condition for the optimal deployment. Furthermore, to numerically optimize the AP and FC deployment, we propose three Lloyd-like algorithms and analyze their convergence. Simulation results show that our algorithms outperform the existing algorithms.