Balancing-Aware Charging Strategy for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Cells: A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Approach

Charge unbalancing in series-connected cells can lead to lower storage capacity and shorter battery life. Model-based optimization strategies have proven to be very effective in addressing this problem. In this article, we propose a general nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme for obtain...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on control systems technology 2020-09, Vol.28 (5), p.1862-1877
Main Authors: Pozzi, Andrea, Zambelli, Massimo, Ferrara, Antonella, Raimondo, Davide M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Balancing
Batteries
Battery management systems
cell balancing
Charging
Computational modeling
Computer simulation
Electric cells
lithium batteries
Lithium-ion batteries
Mathematical model
Nonlinear control
Numerical models
optimal control
Optimization
Predictive control
State of charge
Storage capacity
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Summary:Charge unbalancing in series-connected cells can lead to lower storage capacity and shorter battery life. Model-based optimization strategies have proven to be very effective in addressing this problem. In this article, we propose a general nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme for obtaining a balancing-aware optimal charging. The presented method relies on an electrochemical model, tailored for control purposes. In view of the possibility of practical implementation, the concepts are subsequently specialized for an easily implementable power supply scheme. Finally, the NMPC approach is validated on commercial cells using a detailed battery simulator, with sound evidence of its effectiveness both under the assumption of full state availability and in the presence of an observer scheme.
ISSN:1063-6536
1558-0865
DOI:10.1109/TCST.2020.2995308