A Fast and Parametric Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Wheel-Drive Energy-Efficient Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) with four individually controlled drivetrains are over-actuated systems, and therefore, the total wheel torque and yaw moment demands can be realized through an infinite number of feasible wheel torque combinations. Hence, an energy-efficient torque distribution among the fou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982) 2016-07, Vol.63 (7), p.4367-4376
Main Authors: Dizqah, Arash M., Lenzo, Basilio, Sorniotti, Aldo, Gruber, Patrick, Fallah, Saber, De Smet, Jasper
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Automotive wheels
control allocation
Demand
Electric power
Electric vehicle
Electric vehicles
Energy efficiency
Mathematical models
Optimization
Power loss
Powertrains
Strategy
Tires
Torque
torque distribution
Wheels
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Summary:Electric vehicles (EVs) with four individually controlled drivetrains are over-actuated systems, and therefore, the total wheel torque and yaw moment demands can be realized through an infinite number of feasible wheel torque combinations. Hence, an energy-efficient torque distribution among the four drivetrains is crucial for reducing the drivetrain power losses and extending driving range. In this paper, the optimal torque distribution is formulated as the solution of a parametric optimization problem, depending on the vehicle speed. An analytical solution is provided for the case of equal drivetrains, under the experimentally confirmed hypothesis that the drivetrain power losses are strictly monotonically increasing with the torque demand. The easily implementable and computationally fast wheel torque distribution algorithm is validated by simulations and experiments on an EV demonstrator, along driving cycles and cornering maneuvers. The results show considerable energy savings compared to alternative torque distribution strategies.
ISSN:0278-0046
1557-9948
DOI:10.1109/TIE.2016.2540584