Capability of Impedance Measurement Using Spread Spectrum Time-Domain Reflectometry

Spread spectrum time-domain reflectometry (SSTDR) has been proposed for measuring electrical impedance on live, energized systems, in electrically noisy environments, or for measuring multiple channels simultaneously. We evaluate the capability of SSTDR for impedance measurement from near dc to 96 M...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement 2023, Vol.72, p.1-9
Main Authors: Benoit, Evan, Hansen, Samuel J., Kingston, Samuel R., Harley, Joel B., Furse, Cynthia M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Electric variables measurement
Electrical impedance
Frequency modulation
Frequency ranges
Impedance
Impedance measurement
Modulation
Network analysers
Reflection
reflection coefficient measurement
Reflectometry
SOLAR ENERGY
spread spectrum time-domain reflectometry (SSTDR)
Time domain analysis
Time measurement
Transmission lines
vector network analyzer (VNA)
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Summary:Spread spectrum time-domain reflectometry (SSTDR) has been proposed for measuring electrical impedance on live, energized systems, in electrically noisy environments, or for measuring multiple channels simultaneously. We evaluate the capability of SSTDR for impedance measurement from near dc to 96 MHz and find that they agree very well with measurements from a vector network analyzer (VNA). Time gating is used to remove (calibrate out) transmission line effects. We evaluate the frequency ranges over which SSTDR at different modulation frequencies is accurate for the measurement of series resistive-capacitive ( RC ) loads and observe that fusing measurements from multiple modulation frequencies can broaden the effective measurement bandwidth.
ISSN:0018-9456
1557-9662
DOI:10.1109/TIM.2023.3318677