Pedestrian Protection Systems: Issues, Survey, and Challenges

This paper describes the recent research on the enhancement of pedestrian safety to help develop a better understanding of the nature, issues, approaches, and challenges surrounding the problem. It presents a comprehensive review of research efforts underway dealing with pedestrian safety and collis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems 2007-09, Vol.8 (3), p.413-430
Main Authors: Gandhi, T., Trivedi, M.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accidents
Active safety
Applied sciences
Artificial intelligence
Collision avoidance
Collision dynamics
Computer science
control theory
systems
computer vision
Control theory. Systems
Dealing
Driver circuits
Exact sciences and technology
Ground, air and sea transportation, marine construction
Human factors
Infrastructure
intelligent driver support
intelligent/safe vehicles
Mathematical models
Pattern recognition. Digital image processing. Computational geometry
Pedestrian safety
Pedestrians
person detection and tracking
Robotics
Safety
Sensors
Traffic accidents & safety
Transportation
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Summary:This paper describes the recent research on the enhancement of pedestrian safety to help develop a better understanding of the nature, issues, approaches, and challenges surrounding the problem. It presents a comprehensive review of research efforts underway dealing with pedestrian safety and collision avoidance. The importance of pedestrian protection is emphasized in a global context, discussing the research programs and efforts in various countries. Pedestrian safety measures, including infrastructure enhancements and passive safety features in vehicles, are described, followed by a systematic description of active safety systems based on pedestrian detection using sensors in vehicle and infrastructure. The pedestrian detection approaches are classified according to various criteria such as the type and configuration of sensors, as well as the video cues and classifiers used in detection algorithms. It is noted that collision avoidance not only requires detection of pedestrians but also requires collision prediction using pedestrian dynamics and behavior analysis. Hence, this paper includes research dealing with probabilistic modeling of pedestrian behavior for predicting collisions between pedestrians and vehicles.
ISSN:1524-9050
1558-0016
DOI:10.1109/TITS.2007.903444