Antenna Packing in Low-Power Systems: Communication Limits and Array Design

In this correspondence, we study design of transceiver antenna arrays and its impact on spectral efficiency of low-power systems. Our primary motivation is construction of practical and portable multi-antenna configurations with a very small and a-priori fixed volume for placing antennas. Using spec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on information theory 2008-01, Vol.54 (1), p.429-440
Main Authors: Muharemovic, T., Sabharwal, A., Aazhang, B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antenna arrays
Antennas
Applied sciences
Arrays
Channel capacity
Computer science
Constraining
Decoding
Degrees of freedom
Design
Design engineering
Efficiency
Exact sciences and technology
Hamming weight
Information theory
Information, signal and communications theory
Linearity
Mathematical analysis
multi-antenna communications
multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)
Radiocommunications
Receivers & amplifiers
Spectra
Telecommunications
Telecommunications and information theory
Transceivers
Transmitters. Receivers
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Summary:In this correspondence, we study design of transceiver antenna arrays and its impact on spectral efficiency of low-power systems. Our primary motivation is construction of practical and portable multi-antenna configurations with a very small and a-priori fixed volume for placing antennas. Using spectral efficiency as a target metric for array optimization, we show that any array configuration, transmit or receive, can be characterized via a parameter that we interpret as "effective degrees of freedom." For any array configuration, effective degrees of freedom describes an equivalent uncorrelated array, which results in the same low-power behavior of spectral efficiency. Joint optimization of transmit and receive antenna configurations decouples into maximizing effective degrees of freedom for transmitter and receiver separately. To achieve this goal, we introduce and study a theoretical benchmark of "limiting degrees of freedom," which is the least upper bound on effective degrees of freedom, evaluated over all configurations with finite number of antennas. Limiting degrees of freedom therefore describes the best possible performance for any transceiver array which confines its elements inside a given space. We compute a closed-form expression for limiting degrees of freedom of a circular geometry. Finally, we present numerical procedure and examples for designing linear and square arrays with nonuniform spacing, which typically exhibit significant spectral efficiency gains over uniform arrays.
ISSN:0018-9448
1557-9654
DOI:10.1109/TIT.2007.911175