CSI Fingerprinting Localization With Low Human Efforts

• Published in: IEEE/ACM transactions on networking 2021-02, Vol.29 (1), p.372-385
• Main Authors: Tong, Xinyu, Wan, Yang, Li, Qianru, Tian, Xiaohua, Wang, Xinbing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accuracy; CSI; Fingerprint recognition; Fingerprinting; Fingerprints; Human motion; Localization; Phase locked loops; Propagation; Signal processing; Training; Wireless communication; Wireless fidelity
• ISSN: 1063-6692; 1558-2566
• DOI: 10.1109/TNET.2020.3035210

Fingerprinting indoor localization systems exploit wireless signal propagation features to estimate the location of wireless devices, where the major challenge in practice is the all-consuming training process: it requires site survey to establish the mapping between the signal feature and the location where the feature is observed. In this paper, we present a Wi-Fi localization scheme based on channel state information (CSI) of wireless signals, which manages to relieve time-consuming site survey. In particular, we first propose how to automatically generate the theoretical fingerprints database based on the signal propagation model and geometric methods. Localization with the theoretical fingerprints database yields accuracy close to existing methods. Second, we improve localization accuracy by parsing the user's trajectory instead of restricting to the single spot, where human movement features introduce more information for localization. Third, we present an automatic update scheme for the theoretical fingerprints database to improve time efficiency for localization, which can save 94 - 98% processing time for utilizing the CSI fingerprints database. We implement a prototype with COTS devices and conduct comprehensive experiments to verify proposed mechanisms. Results show that our design achieves 80% localization errors within 0.3m , which is 3\times accuracy compared with the state-of-the-art design leveraging CSI.