Impact and Analysis of Space-Time Coupling on Slotted MAC in UANs

The propagation delay is non-negligible in underwater acoustic networks (UANs) since the propagation speed is five orders of magnitude smaller than the speed of light. In this case, space and time factors are strongly coupled to determine the collisions of packet transmissions. To this end, this pap...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE/ACM transactions on networking 2024-06, Vol.32 (3), p.2099-2111
Main Authors: Wang, Yan, Guan, Quansheng, Ji, Fei, Chen, Weiqi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Access control
Collision analysis
Collision avoidance
Coupling
Couplings
Delays
Impact analysis
Interference
Light speed
Lower bounds
medium access control
Packet transmission
Propagation delay
Receivers
space-time coupling
Spacetime
Throughput
Time factors
Uncertainty
underwater acoustic networks
Underwater acoustics
Upper bounds
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Summary:The propagation delay is non-negligible in underwater acoustic networks (UANs) since the propagation speed is five orders of magnitude smaller than the speed of light. In this case, space and time factors are strongly coupled to determine the collisions of packet transmissions. To this end, this paper analyzes the impact of space-time coupling on slotted medium access control (MAC). We find that a sending node has specific location-dependent interference slots and slot-dependent interference regions. Thus, the collisions may span multiple slots, leading to both inter-slot and intra-slot collisions. Interestingly, the slot-dependent interference regions could be annulus inside the whole transmission range. It is pointed out that collision-free regions exist when a guard interval in a slot is larger than a packet duration. In this sense, the long slot brings spatial reuse within the transmission range. We then derive the closed-form expressions for the successful transmission probability of Slotted-ALOHA and the upper-bound and the lower-bound for the successful transmission probability in UANs. We further find that the optimal guard interval to reach the peak successful transmission probabilities is not larger than a packet duration, which is much shorter than the existing slot setting in the typical Slotted-ALOHA in the uniformly distributed UANs. Simulation results verify our findings, and also show that the performance of vertical transmissions is more sensitive to the spatial impact than horizontal transmissions in UANs.
ISSN:1063-6692
1558-2566
DOI:10.1109/TNET.2023.3336459