Information conveyed through brain-control: cursor versus robot

Microwire electrode arrays were implanted in the motor and premotor cortical areas of rhesus macaques. The recorded activity was used to control the three-dimensional movements of a virtual cursor and of a robotic arm in real time. The goal was to move the cursor or robot to one of eight targets. Av...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering 2003-06, Vol.11 (2), p.195-199
Main Authors: Taylor, D.M., Tillery, S.I.H., Schwartz, A.B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical engineering
Computer Graphics
Electrodes
Electrodes, Implanted
Electroencephalography - methods
Evoked Potentials, Visual - physiology
Information rates
Information theory
Macaca mulatta
Macaca mulatta - physiology
Mobile robots
Motion
Motor Cortex - physiology
Neural prosthesis
Neurocontrollers
Optimization methods
Prosthetics
Psychomotor Performance - physiology
Robotics - methods
Robots
Trajectory
User-Computer Interface
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Summary:Microwire electrode arrays were implanted in the motor and premotor cortical areas of rhesus macaques. The recorded activity was used to control the three-dimensional movements of a virtual cursor and of a robotic arm in real time. The goal was to move the cursor or robot to one of eight targets. Average information conveyed about the intended target was calculated from the observed trajectories at 30-ms intervals throughout the movements. Most of the information about intended target was conveyed within the first second of the movement. For the brain-controlled cursor, the instantaneous information transmission rate was at its maximum at the beginning of each movement (averaged 4.8 to 5.5 bits/s depending on the calculation method used). However, this instantaneous rate quickly slowed down as the movement progressed and additional information became redundant. Information was conveyed more slowly through the brain-controlled robot due to the dynamics and noise of the robot system. The brain-controlled cursor data was also used to demonstrate a method for optimizing information transmission rate in the case where repeated cursor movements are used to make long strings of sequential choices such as in a typing task.
ISSN:1534-4320
1558-0210
DOI:10.1109/TNSRE.2003.814451