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Compensation and Photosensitivity in CdTe Doped With Indium
To better our knowledge of the characteristics of semi-insulated cadmium telluride (CdTe) doped with indium (In), we explored the role of deep levels in compensation and trapping. We assessed the defects and their distribution across a wafer in several ways; by measuring dark resistivity and photose...
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Published in: | IEEE transactions on nuclear science 2009-08, Vol.56 (4), p.1724-1730 |
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container_title | IEEE transactions on nuclear science |
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creator | Babentsov, V. Franc, J. James, R.B. |
description | To better our knowledge of the characteristics of semi-insulated cadmium telluride (CdTe) doped with indium (In), we explored the role of deep levels in compensation and trapping. We assessed the defects and their distribution across a wafer in several ways; by measuring dark resistivity and photosensitivity maps, photoluminescence, Photo-Induced Current Transient Spectroscopy (PICTS), and Thermoelectric Effect Spectroscopy (TEES). We determined that electron trapping to a near midgap level in CdTe:In begins when the Fermi-level lies above this level. We demonstrated first that a small movement (ap 1divide2 kT) of the Fermi-level downward significantly increases electron trapping. PICTS and TEES measurements confirmed the presence of a positively charge electron trap at E C -0.65 eV (plusmn 0.05 eV) with a high capture cross-section. This level transforms into a neutral one when the Fermi-level moves above it. Photoluminescence measurements detected this energy level that, when positively charged, was responsible for a 0.68-eV emission, while in a neutral state, it was accountable for an emission peak located at 0.87 eV. We discuss the nature of the deep donors, considering the latest ldquoab initiordquo calculations: also, the Te anti-site is compared to complex defects, such as H-O Cd . |
doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015316 |
format | article |
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We assessed the defects and their distribution across a wafer in several ways; by measuring dark resistivity and photosensitivity maps, photoluminescence, Photo-Induced Current Transient Spectroscopy (PICTS), and Thermoelectric Effect Spectroscopy (TEES). We determined that electron trapping to a near midgap level in CdTe:In begins when the Fermi-level lies above this level. We demonstrated first that a small movement (ap 1divide2 kT) of the Fermi-level downward significantly increases electron trapping. PICTS and TEES measurements confirmed the presence of a positively charge electron trap at E C -0.65 eV (plusmn 0.05 eV) with a high capture cross-section. This level transforms into a neutral one when the Fermi-level moves above it. Photoluminescence measurements detected this energy level that, when positively charged, was responsible for a 0.68-eV emission, while in a neutral state, it was accountable for an emission peak located at 0.87 eV. We discuss the nature of the deep donors, considering the latest ldquoab initiordquo calculations: also, the Te anti-site is compared to complex defects, such as H-O Cd .</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9499</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-1578</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015316</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETNAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Cadmium compounds ; Cadmium telluride ; Cadmium tellurides ; CdTe ; Charge measurement ; Compensation ; compensation mechanism ; Conductivity ; Current measurement ; deep donor ; Defects ; Electron traps ; Emission ; Energy measurement ; Indium ; Photoluminescence ; Photosensitivity ; radiation detectors ; Spectroscopy ; Spectrum analysis ; Thermoelectricity ; Trapping</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on nuclear science, 2009-08, Vol.56 (4), p.1724-1730</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c322t-e66fa25e46be3037725598ebad37d341292b7631d3c9a0ef373f1027167163c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c322t-e66fa25e46be3037725598ebad37d341292b7631d3c9a0ef373f1027167163c03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5204661$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,54796</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Babentsov, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franc, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>James, R.B.</creatorcontrib><title>Compensation and Photosensitivity in CdTe Doped With Indium</title><title>IEEE transactions on nuclear science</title><addtitle>TNS</addtitle><description>To better our knowledge of the characteristics of semi-insulated cadmium telluride (CdTe) doped with indium (In), we explored the role of deep levels in compensation and trapping. We assessed the defects and their distribution across a wafer in several ways; by measuring dark resistivity and photosensitivity maps, photoluminescence, Photo-Induced Current Transient Spectroscopy (PICTS), and Thermoelectric Effect Spectroscopy (TEES). We determined that electron trapping to a near midgap level in CdTe:In begins when the Fermi-level lies above this level. We demonstrated first that a small movement (ap 1divide2 kT) of the Fermi-level downward significantly increases electron trapping. PICTS and TEES measurements confirmed the presence of a positively charge electron trap at E C -0.65 eV (plusmn 0.05 eV) with a high capture cross-section. This level transforms into a neutral one when the Fermi-level moves above it. Photoluminescence measurements detected this energy level that, when positively charged, was responsible for a 0.68-eV emission, while in a neutral state, it was accountable for an emission peak located at 0.87 eV. We discuss the nature of the deep donors, considering the latest ldquoab initiordquo calculations: also, the Te anti-site is compared to complex defects, such as H-O Cd .</description><subject>Cadmium compounds</subject><subject>Cadmium telluride</subject><subject>Cadmium tellurides</subject><subject>CdTe</subject><subject>Charge measurement</subject><subject>Compensation</subject><subject>compensation mechanism</subject><subject>Conductivity</subject><subject>Current measurement</subject><subject>deep donor</subject><subject>Defects</subject><subject>Electron traps</subject><subject>Emission</subject><subject>Energy measurement</subject><subject>Indium</subject><subject>Photoluminescence</subject><subject>Photosensitivity</subject><subject>radiation detectors</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Thermoelectricity</subject><subject>Trapping</subject><issn>0018-9499</issn><issn>1558-1578</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkN9LwzAQgIMoOKfvgi_FF586c0mTNvgk9ddgqGDFx5C1V5axNrVphf33Zmz4IBx33PHdcXyEXAKdAVB1W7x-zBilKiQQHOQRmYAQWQwizY7JhFLIYpUodUrOvF-HNhFUTMhd7poOW28G69rItFX0vnKD82FkB_tjh21k2yivCoweXIdV9GWHVTRvKzs25-SkNhuPF4c6JZ9Pj0X-Ei_enuf5_SIuOWNDjFLWhglM5BI55WnKhFAZLk3F04onwBRbppJDxUtlKNY85TVQloIMwUvKp-Rmf7fr3feIftCN9SVuNqZFN3qdSZUlPJwN5PU_cu3Gvg3PaQU7McFGgOgeKnvnfY-17nrbmH6rgeqdSx1c6p1LfXAZVq72KxYR_3DBaCIl8F_XA21N</recordid><startdate>20090801</startdate><enddate>20090801</enddate><creator>Babentsov, V.</creator><creator>Franc, J.</creator><creator>James, R.B.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090801</creationdate><title>Compensation and Photosensitivity in CdTe Doped With Indium</title><author>Babentsov, V. ; Franc, J. ; James, R.B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c322t-e66fa25e46be3037725598ebad37d341292b7631d3c9a0ef373f1027167163c03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Cadmium compounds</topic><topic>Cadmium telluride</topic><topic>Cadmium tellurides</topic><topic>CdTe</topic><topic>Charge measurement</topic><topic>Compensation</topic><topic>compensation mechanism</topic><topic>Conductivity</topic><topic>Current measurement</topic><topic>deep donor</topic><topic>Defects</topic><topic>Electron traps</topic><topic>Emission</topic><topic>Energy measurement</topic><topic>Indium</topic><topic>Photoluminescence</topic><topic>Photosensitivity</topic><topic>radiation detectors</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Thermoelectricity</topic><topic>Trapping</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Babentsov, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franc, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>James, R.B.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library Online</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on nuclear science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Babentsov, V.</au><au>Franc, J.</au><au>James, R.B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Compensation and Photosensitivity in CdTe Doped With Indium</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on nuclear science</jtitle><stitle>TNS</stitle><date>2009-08-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1724</spage><epage>1730</epage><pages>1724-1730</pages><issn>0018-9499</issn><eissn>1558-1578</eissn><coden>IETNAE</coden><abstract>To better our knowledge of the characteristics of semi-insulated cadmium telluride (CdTe) doped with indium (In), we explored the role of deep levels in compensation and trapping. We assessed the defects and their distribution across a wafer in several ways; by measuring dark resistivity and photosensitivity maps, photoluminescence, Photo-Induced Current Transient Spectroscopy (PICTS), and Thermoelectric Effect Spectroscopy (TEES). We determined that electron trapping to a near midgap level in CdTe:In begins when the Fermi-level lies above this level. We demonstrated first that a small movement (ap 1divide2 kT) of the Fermi-level downward significantly increases electron trapping. PICTS and TEES measurements confirmed the presence of a positively charge electron trap at E C -0.65 eV (plusmn 0.05 eV) with a high capture cross-section. This level transforms into a neutral one when the Fermi-level moves above it. Photoluminescence measurements detected this energy level that, when positively charged, was responsible for a 0.68-eV emission, while in a neutral state, it was accountable for an emission peak located at 0.87 eV. We discuss the nature of the deep donors, considering the latest ldquoab initiordquo calculations: also, the Te anti-site is compared to complex defects, such as H-O Cd .</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TNS.2009.2015316</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Cadmium compounds Cadmium telluride Cadmium tellurides CdTe Charge measurement Compensation compensation mechanism Conductivity Current measurement deep donor Defects Electron traps Emission Energy measurement Indium Photoluminescence Photosensitivity radiation detectors Spectroscopy Spectrum analysis Thermoelectricity Trapping |
title | Compensation and Photosensitivity in CdTe Doped With Indium |
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