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Simulation and Analysis of the Space Charge Effect in an Self-Powered Neutron Detector
Self-Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) plays a vital role in the Gen-III Pressurized Water Reactors. When electrons are trapped in the insulator of SPND, an electric field can be generated in the insulator that affects the response current. It is called the "space charge effect". To analyze...
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Published in: | IEEE transactions on nuclear science 2023-08, Vol.70 (8), p.1-1 |
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description | Self-Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) plays a vital role in the Gen-III Pressurized Water Reactors. When electrons are trapped in the insulator of SPND, an electric field can be generated in the insulator that affects the response current. It is called the "space charge effect". To analyze this effect quantitatively, a novel method based on the electric current continuity equation was proposed to simulate the variation of the electric field in the insulator. (1) The time-dependent response current and the recursive equation for the electric field were derived; (2) An SPND simulation code system was developed and validated. In the code system, the Bamboo-Lattice code and the NECP-MCX code were used to calculate the neutron-photon spectrum near the SPND, while the neutron-photon-electron transport calculation was performed in Geant4; (3) The calculated sensitivities were verified by measurements on various SPNDs, among which good agreements were found; (4) The electric field and electric potential distribution of the V-SPND in the AP1000 core were simulated with the formation process and the equilibrium duration illustrated. Components of the response current were compared with the measurements. The error of the response current ranges from -6.48% to 6.2%, and the difference of the prompt current ratio ranges from 1.6% to 3.4%. (5) The influence of neutron flux, electrical conductivity, permittivity and time step on the electric field was analyzed, revealing that both neutron flux and electrical conductivity significantly influence the response current and electric field, whereas the influence of permittivity and time step are negligible. |
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When electrons are trapped in the insulator of SPND, an electric field can be generated in the insulator that affects the response current. It is called the "space charge effect". To analyze this effect quantitatively, a novel method based on the electric current continuity equation was proposed to simulate the variation of the electric field in the insulator. (1) The time-dependent response current and the recursive equation for the electric field were derived; (2) An SPND simulation code system was developed and validated. In the code system, the Bamboo-Lattice code and the NECP-MCX code were used to calculate the neutron-photon spectrum near the SPND, while the neutron-photon-electron transport calculation was performed in Geant4; (3) The calculated sensitivities were verified by measurements on various SPNDs, among which good agreements were found; (4) The electric field and electric potential distribution of the V-SPND in the AP1000 core were simulated with the formation process and the equilibrium duration illustrated. Components of the response current were compared with the measurements. The error of the response current ranges from -6.48% to 6.2%, and the difference of the prompt current ratio ranges from 1.6% to 3.4%. (5) The influence of neutron flux, electrical conductivity, permittivity and time step on the electric field was analyzed, revealing that both neutron flux and electrical conductivity significantly influence the response current and electric field, whereas the influence of permittivity and time step are negligible.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9499</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-1578</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2023.3294693</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETNAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Bamboo ; Codes ; Continuity equation ; Electric fields ; Electric potential ; Electrical conductivity ; Electrical resistivity ; Electron transport ; Error analysis ; Insulators ; Mathematical analysis ; Mathematical models ; Monte Carlo methods ; NECP-Bamboo ; Neutron counters ; Neutron flux ; Neutrons ; Nuclear engineering ; Nuclear power plants ; Nuclear reactors ; Permittivity ; Photons ; Pressurized water reactors ; response current simulation ; Self-Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) ; Simulation ; Space charge ; space charge effect ; Time dependence</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on nuclear science, 2023-08, Vol.70 (8), p.1-1</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c245t-7787bebaa913bc5e41f2876450317d174f403d250a34e682280f3dc92089f9e13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2872-011X ; 0000-0003-3270-956X ; 0000-0003-0679-2240 ; 0000-0002-6151-6612</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10180054$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,54796</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shao, Ruizhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Liangzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yunzhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yao</creatorcontrib><title>Simulation and Analysis of the Space Charge Effect in an Self-Powered Neutron Detector</title><title>IEEE transactions on nuclear science</title><addtitle>TNS</addtitle><description>Self-Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) plays a vital role in the Gen-III Pressurized Water Reactors. When electrons are trapped in the insulator of SPND, an electric field can be generated in the insulator that affects the response current. It is called the "space charge effect". To analyze this effect quantitatively, a novel method based on the electric current continuity equation was proposed to simulate the variation of the electric field in the insulator. (1) The time-dependent response current and the recursive equation for the electric field were derived; (2) An SPND simulation code system was developed and validated. In the code system, the Bamboo-Lattice code and the NECP-MCX code were used to calculate the neutron-photon spectrum near the SPND, while the neutron-photon-electron transport calculation was performed in Geant4; (3) The calculated sensitivities were verified by measurements on various SPNDs, among which good agreements were found; (4) The electric field and electric potential distribution of the V-SPND in the AP1000 core were simulated with the formation process and the equilibrium duration illustrated. Components of the response current were compared with the measurements. The error of the response current ranges from -6.48% to 6.2%, and the difference of the prompt current ratio ranges from 1.6% to 3.4%. 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Li, Yunzhao ; Zhou, Yao</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c245t-7787bebaa913bc5e41f2876450317d174f403d250a34e682280f3dc92089f9e13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Bamboo</topic><topic>Codes</topic><topic>Continuity equation</topic><topic>Electric fields</topic><topic>Electric potential</topic><topic>Electrical conductivity</topic><topic>Electrical resistivity</topic><topic>Electron transport</topic><topic>Error analysis</topic><topic>Insulators</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Monte Carlo methods</topic><topic>NECP-Bamboo</topic><topic>Neutron counters</topic><topic>Neutron flux</topic><topic>Neutrons</topic><topic>Nuclear engineering</topic><topic>Nuclear power plants</topic><topic>Nuclear reactors</topic><topic>Permittivity</topic><topic>Photons</topic><topic>Pressurized water reactors</topic><topic>response current simulation</topic><topic>Self-Powered Neutron Detector (SPND)</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Space charge</topic><topic>space charge effect</topic><topic>Time dependence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shao, Ruizhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Liangzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yunzhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yao</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present</collection><collection>IEEE/IET Electronic Library</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on nuclear science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shao, Ruizhi</au><au>Cao, Liangzhi</au><au>Li, Yunzhao</au><au>Zhou, Yao</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Simulation and Analysis of the Space Charge Effect in an Self-Powered Neutron Detector</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on nuclear science</jtitle><stitle>TNS</stitle><date>2023-08-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>1</epage><pages>1-1</pages><issn>0018-9499</issn><eissn>1558-1578</eissn><coden>IETNAE</coden><abstract>Self-Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) plays a vital role in the Gen-III Pressurized Water Reactors. When electrons are trapped in the insulator of SPND, an electric field can be generated in the insulator that affects the response current. It is called the "space charge effect". To analyze this effect quantitatively, a novel method based on the electric current continuity equation was proposed to simulate the variation of the electric field in the insulator. (1) The time-dependent response current and the recursive equation for the electric field were derived; (2) An SPND simulation code system was developed and validated. In the code system, the Bamboo-Lattice code and the NECP-MCX code were used to calculate the neutron-photon spectrum near the SPND, while the neutron-photon-electron transport calculation was performed in Geant4; (3) The calculated sensitivities were verified by measurements on various SPNDs, among which good agreements were found; (4) The electric field and electric potential distribution of the V-SPND in the AP1000 core were simulated with the formation process and the equilibrium duration illustrated. Components of the response current were compared with the measurements. The error of the response current ranges from -6.48% to 6.2%, and the difference of the prompt current ratio ranges from 1.6% to 3.4%. (5) The influence of neutron flux, electrical conductivity, permittivity and time step on the electric field was analyzed, revealing that both neutron flux and electrical conductivity significantly influence the response current and electric field, whereas the influence of permittivity and time step are negligible.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TNS.2023.3294693</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-011X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-956X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0679-2240</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6151-6612</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Bamboo Codes Continuity equation Electric fields Electric potential Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity Electron transport Error analysis Insulators Mathematical analysis Mathematical models Monte Carlo methods NECP-Bamboo Neutron counters Neutron flux Neutrons Nuclear engineering Nuclear power plants Nuclear reactors Permittivity Photons Pressurized water reactors response current simulation Self-Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) Simulation Space charge space charge effect Time dependence |
title | Simulation and Analysis of the Space Charge Effect in an Self-Powered Neutron Detector |
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