Real-Time Coordinated Voltage Control of PV Inverters and Energy Storage for Weak Networks With High PV Penetration

There are more large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants being established in rural areas due to availability of low-priced land. However, distribution grids in such areas traditionally have feeders with low X/R ratios, which makes the independent reactive power compensation method less effective on volt...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on power systems 2018-05, Vol.33 (3), p.3383-3395
Main Authors: Wang, Licheng, Bai, Feifei, Yan, Ruifeng, Saha, Tapan Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Batteries
battery energy storage system (BESS)
Clouds
Control
Coordinated voltage control
Cost effectiveness
Discharge
Energy storage
Exhaustion
Feeders
Fluctuations
Inverters
photovoltaic (PV)
Photovoltaic cells
Reactive power
Real time
real-time control
Real-time systems
Rural areas
Solar cells
state of charge (SOC) regulation
Step voltage
Upstream
Utilities
Variations
Voltage control
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Summary:There are more large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants being established in rural areas due to availability of low-priced land. However, distribution grids in such areas traditionally have feeders with low X/R ratios, which makes the independent reactive power compensation method less effective on voltage regulation. Consequently, upstream step voltage regulator (SVR) may suffer from excessive tap operations with PV-induced fast voltage fluctuations. Although a battery energy storage system (BESS) can successfully smooth PV generation, frequent charge/discharge will substantially affect its cost effectiveness. In this paper, a real-time method is designed to coordinate PV inverters and BESS for voltage regulation. To keep up with fast fluctuations of PV power, this method will be executed in each 5 s control cycle. In addition, charging/discharging power of BESS is adaptively retuned by an active adjustment method in order to avoid BESS premature energy exhaustion in a long run. Finally, through a voltage margin control scheme, the upstream SVR and downstream PV inverters and BESS are coordinated for voltage regulation without any communication. This research is validated via a real-time digital simulator MatLab cosimulation platform, and it will provide valuable insights and applicable strategies to both utilities and PV owners for large-scale PV farm integration into rural networks.
ISSN:0885-8950
1558-0679
DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2789897