Optimal and Resilient Coordination of Virtual Batteries in Distribution Feeders

This paper presents a novel hierarchical framework for real-time, network-admissible coordination of responsive grid resources aggregated into virtual batteries (VBs). In this context, a VB represents a local aggregation of directly controlled loads, such as smart inverters, electric water heaters,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on power systems 2021-07, Vol.36 (4), p.2841-2854
Main Authors: Brahma, Sarnaduti, Nazir, Nawaf, Ossareh, Hamid, Almassalkhi, Mads R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air conditioners
Batteries
Convex Optimization
Coordination
Distributed Energy Resources
Distributed power generation
Distribution Systems
Electric power systems
Feeders
Hierarchical Control
Hierarchical systems
Multilayers
Optimization
Power flow
POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
Proportional integral
Radial Networks
Real time
Real-time systems
Virtual Battery
Voltage control
Water heaters
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Summary:This paper presents a novel hierarchical framework for real-time, network-admissible coordination of responsive grid resources aggregated into virtual batteries (VBs). In this context, a VB represents a local aggregation of directly controlled loads, such as smart inverters, electric water heaters, and air-conditioners. The coordination is achieved by solving an optimization problem to disaggregate a feeder's desired reference trajectory into constraint-aware set-points for the VBs. Specifically, a novel, provably-tight, convex relaxation of the AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem is presented to optimally dispatch the VBs to track the feeder's desired power trajectory. In additionto the optimal VB dispatch scheme, a real-time, corrective control scheme is designed, whichis based on optimal proportional-integral (PI) control with anti-windup, to reject intra-feeder and inter-feeder disturbances that arise during operation of the power system. Simulation results conducted on a modified IEEE test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-layer VB coordination framework.
ISSN:0885-8950
1558-0679
DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3043632