Modeling and Control of Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source Based on Differential Flatness Control

Fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) with energy storage (ES) device(s) could result in improved lifetime, performance, fuel economy, and reduced cost. This paper presents the utilization of an ES device consisting of a supercapacitor bank for future electric vehicles with a hydrogen fuel cell (FC) as the main...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on vehicular technology 2010-07, Vol.59 (6), p.2700-2710
Main Authors: Thounthong, P, Pierfederici, S, Martin, J.-P, Hinaje, M, Davat, B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Capacitors
Converters
Costs
current control
Devices
Dynamical systems
Dynamics
Electric vehicles
Energy efficiency
Energy storage
Flatness
Fuel cells
fuel cells (FCs)
Fuel economy
Hybrid electric vehicles
Hydrogen
Mathematical models
nonlinear
Ripples
supercapacitor
Supercapacitors
Switching converters
Vehicle dynamics
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Summary:Fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) with energy storage (ES) device(s) could result in improved lifetime, performance, fuel economy, and reduced cost. This paper presents the utilization of an ES device consisting of a supercapacitor bank for future electric vehicles with a hydrogen fuel cell (FC) as the main power source. The study mainly focuses on the innovative control law based on the flatness properties for a FC/supercapacitor hybrid power source. Utilizing the flatness principle, we propose simple solutions to the hybrid energy-management and stabilization problems. A supercapacitor module, as a high dynamic and high-power density device, functions to supply energy to regulate the dc-bus energy. The FC, as a slower dynamic source in this system, functions by supplying energy to keep the supercapacitor module charged. To ensure energy-efficient operation of the FC stack, the output current ripple of the FC stack is minimized by parallel boost converters with an interleaving switching technique for a high-frequency ripple by the supercapacitor for a low-frequency ripple. To authenticate the proposed control laws, a test bench is realized in the laboratory. The control algorithm (energy and current control loops) is digitally implemented by dSPACE controller DS1103. Experimental results with small-scale devices (a proton exchange membrane FC (PEMFC) of 500 W, 50 A, and 10 V and a supercapacitor bank of 250 F, 32 V, and 500 A) substantiate the excellent performance during load cycles.
ISSN:0018-9545
1939-9359
DOI:10.1109/TVT.2010.2046759