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Mt VRN 2 is a Polycomb VRN 2 ‐ like gene which represses the transition to flowering in the model legume Medicago truncatula
Optimising the timing of flowering contributes to successful sexual reproduction and yield in agricultural plants. FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ) genes, first identified in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), promote flowering universally, but the upstream flowering regulatory pathways can differ markedly...
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Published in: | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2016-04, Vol.86 (2), p.145-160 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Optimising the timing of flowering contributes to successful sexual reproduction and yield in agricultural plants.
FLOWERING LOCUS
T
(
FT
) genes, first identified in
Arabidopsis thaliana
(Arabidopsis), promote flowering universally, but the upstream flowering regulatory pathways can differ markedly among plants. Flowering in the model legume,
Medicago truncatula
(Medicago) is accelerated by winter cold (vernalisation) followed by long day (
LD
) photoperiods leading to elevated expression of the floral activator,
FT
‐like
gene
FT
a1
. However, Medicago, like some other plants, lacks the activator
CONSTANS
(
CO
) and the repressor
FLOWERING LOCUS
C
(
FLC
) genes which directly regulate
FT
and are key to
LD
and vernalisation responses in Arabidopsis. Conversely, Medicago has a
VERNALISATION
2‐
LIKE
VEFS
‐box gene (
Mt
VRN
2
). In Arabidopsis At
VRN
2 is a key member of a Polycomb complex involved in stable repression of Arabidopsis
FLC
after vernalisation.
VRN
2‐like
genes have been identified in other eudicot plants, but their function has never been reported. We show that
Mtvrn2
mutants bypass the need for vernalisation for early flowering in
LD
conditions in Medicago. Investigation of the underlying mechanism by transcriptome analysis reveals that
Mtvrn2
mutants precociously express
FT
a1
and other suites of genes including floral homeotic genes. Double‐mutant analysis indicates that early flowering is dependent on functional
FT
a1
. The broad significance of our study is that we have demonstrated a function for a
VRN
2‐
like
VEFS
gene beyond the Brassicaceae. In particular,
Mt
VRN
2
represses the transition to flowering in Medicago by regulating the onset of expression of the potent floral activator,
FT
a1
.
VRN2‐
like Polycomb genes are widespread in eudicot families of the Rosid lineage, but their function in plants beyond the Brassicaceae, some of which like Medicago lack
FLC
as the major target of Arabidopsis
VRN2
, is unclear. Here, we show that
MtVRN2
has an important role in repressing the transition to flowering in Medicago by repressing
FTa1
, a potent floral activator. |
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ISSN: | 0960-7412 1365-313X |
DOI: | 10.1111/tpj.13156 |