Clinical outcome of dogs diagnosed with canine inflammatory mammary cancer treated with metronomic cyclophosphamide, a cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor and toceranib phosphate

Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is highly malignant, invasive and a therapeutic challenge, because effective medical treatment is still unavailable. This retrospective study compares the efficacy of an oral cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor combined with toceranib phosphate and oral cyclop...

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Published in:Veterinary & comparative oncology 2022-03, Vol.20 (1), p.179-188
Main Authors: Alonso‐Miguel, Daniel, Valdivia, Guillermo, García‐San José, Paula, Alonso‐Diez, Ángela, Clares, Irene, Portero, Miriam, Peña, Laura, Pérez‐Alenza, Maria Dolores
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy
Breast Neoplasms - veterinary
canine
COX‐2 inhibitors
Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
Cyclophosphamide - administration & dosage
Cyclophosphamide - adverse effects
Dog Diseases - pathology
Dogs
Female
Indoles
inflammatory mammary cancer
metronomic
Pyrroles - administration & dosage
Pyrroles - adverse effects
Retrospective Studies
toceranib
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Summary:Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is highly malignant, invasive and a therapeutic challenge, because effective medical treatment is still unavailable. This retrospective study compares the efficacy of an oral cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor combined with toceranib phosphate and oral cyclophosphamide (multi‐drug therapy [MT]) with COX‐2 inhibitor therapy alone (single‐drug therapy [ST]) in dogs diagnosed with secondary IMC. Clinical response, adverse events, overall survival time (OST), disease‐free survival (DFS) and time to progression (TTP) were evaluated. Sixteen patients were included, eight received MT and eight receiving ST. Median OST was significantly higher in patients receiving MT (96.0 vs. 37.5 days; p = .046) and in patients with post‐surgical rather than non‐surgical IMC (86.5 vs. 41.5 days; p = .038). Additionally, median TTP was significantly higher in patients treated with MT (p = .010). In patients with non‐surgical IMC, the clinical benefit (CB) was reached in 100% (n = 3) of patients receiving MT and in 33% (n = 1) of those receiving ST; the response duration was significantly longer in MT cases (p = .026). The absence of disease progression at day 30 of treatment was significantly associated with longer OST, DFS and TTP (p = .018, p = .002 and p 
ISSN:1476-5810
1476-5829
DOI:10.1111/vco.12760