Borrelia burgdorferi Spirochetes That Harbor Only a Portion of the lp28-1 Plasmid Elicit Antibody Responses Detectable with the C 6 Test for Lyme Disease

• Published in: Clinical and vaccine immunology 2007-01, Vol.14 (1), p.90-93
• Main Authors: Embers, Monica E., Wormser, Gary P., Schwartz, Ira, Martin, Dale S., Philipp, Mario T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1556-6811; 1556-679X
• DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00266-06

Detection of antibody to C 6 , a peptide that reproduces the sequence of the sixth invariable region within the central domain of the VlsE protein of Borrelia burgdorferi , is used currently for the serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease in humans. B. burgdorferi isolates taken from infected humans can be categorized into specific genetic subtypes (designated RST1, -2, and -3) by restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the 16S to 23S rRNA spacer sequence. Many of these, usually categorized as RST2, retain only segments of the linear plasmid lp28-1, which encodes VlsE. The VlsE genetic region is retained, but altered expression of this molecule could affect diagnosis by the C 6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples from patients infected with each of the three genotypes and from mice infected with three RST2 isolates were tested with the C 6 ELISA. Such isolates elicited marked C 6 responses in infected mice. The sensitivity of C 6 antibody detection in patients infected with RST2 spirochetes was statistically indistinguishable from detection of RST1 and RST3 infections. These findings demonstrate that diagnosis by C 6 ELISA remains effective for infection with all B. burgdorferi genotypes, including those with incomplete lp28-1 plasmids.