Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning Strand of the San Andreas Fault, North Palm Springs, California

• Published in: Geosphere (Boulder, Colo.) Colo.), 2021-06, Vol.17 (3), p.685-710
• Main Authors: Castillo, Bryan A, McGill, Sally F, Scharer, Katherine M, Yule, Doug, McPhillips, Devin, McNeil, James, Saha, Sourav, Brown, Nathan D, Moon, Seulgi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: absolute age; Banning Strand; C-14; California; carbon; Cenozoic; charcoal; correlation; earthquakes; faults; geochronology; Holocene; infrared stimulated luminescence; isotopes; lithostratigraphy; North Palm Springs California; paleoseismicity; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; Riverside County California; San Andreas Fault; Seismology; slip rates; Structural geology; tectonics; United States
• ISSN: 1553-040X; 1553-040X
• DOI: 10.1130/GES02237.1

We studied a paleoseismic trench excavated in 2017 across the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault and herein provide the first detailed record of ground-breaking earthquakes on this important fault in Southern California. The trench exposed an ∼40-m-wide fault zone cutting through alluvial sand, gravel, silt, and clay deposits. We evaluated the paleoseismic record using a new metric that combines event indicator quality and stratigraphic uncertainty. The most recent paleoearthquake occurred between 950 and 730 calibrated years B.P. (cal yr B.P.), potentially contemporaneous with the last rupture of the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone. We interpret five surface-rupturing earthquakes since 3.3-2.5 ka and eight earthquakes since 7.1-5.7 ka. It is possible that additional events have occurred but were not recognized, especially in the deeper (older) section of the stratigraphy, which was not fully exposed across the fault zone. We calculated an average recurrence interval of 380-640 yr based on four complete earthquake cycles between earthquakes 1 and 5. The average recurrence interval is thus slightly less than the elapsed time since the most recent event on the Banning strand. The average recurrence interval on the Banning strand is thus intermediate between longer intervals published for the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone (∼1600 yr) and shorter intervals on both the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault (∼215 yr) and the Coachella section (∼125 yr) of the San Andreas fault.