Effect of dairy and nondairy snacks on postprandial blood glucose regulation in 9–14-year-old children

• Published in: Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism nutrition, and metabolism, 2019-10, Vol.44 (10), p.1073-1080
• Main Authors: Gheller, Brandon J, Gheller, Mary, Li, Athena, Nunes, Fernando, Anini, Younes, Glanville, N. Theresa, Bellissimo, Nick, Hamilton, Jill, Anderson, G. Harvey, Luhovyy, Bohdan L
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Appetite; available carbohydrate; biscuits; blood glucose; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blood sugar; C-peptide; C-Peptide - blood; Child; Children; Childrens health; collations; cookies; Cross-Over Studies; dairy; Dairy Products; enfants; Female; Food industry; G proteins; GLP-1; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; glucides disponibles; Glucose; glycémie; Humans; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Insulin - metabolism; insuline; Liver - metabolism; Male; Medical equipment and supplies industry; Medical test kit industry; Obesity; Obesity - blood; obésité; Overweight - blood; Pediatrics; peptide C; Peptides; Postprandial Period; produits laitiers; Snack foods; snacking; Snacks; Teenagers; Type 2 diabetes; Yogurt
• ISSN: 1715-5312; 1715-5320
• DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0549

In adults, dairy consumption improves short-term blood glucose regulation. It is unknown if these short-term benefits extend to children of different weight statuses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a dairy and nondairy snack in both normal-weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) children on blood glucose regulation and food intake (FI). In a repeated-measures crossover design, 11 NW and 7 OW/OB children (age: 9–14 years), consumed, in random order, a dairy (Greek yogurt, 198.9 g, 171 kcal, 0 g fat, 17 g protein) or nondairy (mini sandwich-type cookies, 37.5 g, 175 kcal, 7.5 g fat, 1.3 g protein) snack containing 25 g of available carbohydrates. Ad libitum FI was measured 120 min after snack consumption. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured at 0 min (before the snack), and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after snack consumption. Insulin secretion was calculated from deconvolution of C-peptide. Hepatic insulin extraction was calculated as C-peptide divided by insulin. FI did not differ between snacks (P = 0.55). Mean blood glucose was lower (P < 0.001) and insulin higher (P < 0.0001) in the 120 min after consuming the dairy snack. C-Peptide concentrations (P = 0.75) and insulin secretion (P = 0.37) were not different between snacks. The increase in insulin was explained by reduced hepatic insulin extraction (P < 0.01). Consumption of the dairy snack also increased mean GLP-1 concentrations (P < 0.001). In conclusion, consumption of a dairy snack by NW and OW/OB children results in reduced postprandial blood glucose concentrations and elevated circulating insulin compared with a nondairy snack possibly because of delayed hepatic insulin extraction.