Caloric restriction-induced weight loss with a high-fat diet does not fully recover visceral adipose tissue inflammation in previously obese C57BL/6 mice

• Published in: Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism nutrition, and metabolism, 2020-12, Vol.45 (12), p.1353-1359
• Main Authors: Rodrigues, M.O.M, Evangelista-Silva, P.H, Neves, N.N, Moreno, L.G, Santos, C.S, Rocha, K.L.S, Ottone, V.O, Batista-da-Silva, B, Dias-Peixoto, M.F, Magalhães, F.C, Esteves, E.A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipose tissues; Body fat; caloric restriction; Diet; Diet therapy; Health aspects; high-fat diet; Inflammation; Obesity; obésité; Reducing diets; restriction calorique; Rodents; régime riche en graisses; Testing; tissu adipeux viscéral; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; visceral adipose tissue; Weight control
• ISSN: 1715-5312; 1715-5320
• DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0220

Caloric restriction (CR) reduces body weight and systemic inflammation, but the effects on adipose tissue under dietary lipid overload are controversial. We evaluated the effects of CR-induced weight loss with a high-fat diet on adipose tissue inflammation of obese mice. Male mice were assigned into low-fat diet (LF) and high-fat diet (HF) groups. After 8 weeks, the mice in the HF group were reassigned for another 7 weeks into the following 3 conditions: (i) kept in the HF condition; (ii) changed to low-fat diet ad libitum (LFAL); and (iii) changed to high-fat calorie-restricted (RHF) diet to reach LFAL body weight. Serum markers, adipocytokines, morphology, and inflammatory infiltrates in retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RAT) were accessed. The body weights of the LFAL and RHF groups were reduced, equaling the body weights of the LF group. The LFAL mice had restored almost all inflammatory markers as the LF mice, except tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and adiponectin. Compared with the HF group, the RHF group had lowered visceral adiposity, retroperitoneal adipocyte sizes, and RAT inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as TNF-α, interleukin-6, and hepatic and serum C-reactive protein, which were higher than that of the LFAL group; adiponectin and MCP-1 did not change. CR with high-fat diet reduced body weight and attenuated visceral adiposity but did not fully recover visceral tissue inflammation. Novelty Caloric restriction in a high-fat diet ameliorated visceral adiposity. Caloric restriction in a high-fat diet did not recover visceral adipose tissue inflammation.