FUNCTIONS OF CELL SURFACE HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS

The heparan sulfate on the surface of all adherent cells modulates the actions of a large number of extracellular ligands. Members of both cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan families, the transmembrane syndecans and the glycosylphosphoinositide-linked glypicans, bind these ligands and enhance...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of biochemistry 1999-01, Vol.68 (1), p.729-777
Main Authors: Bernfield, Merton, Götte, Martin, Park, Pyong Woo, Reizes, Ofer, Fitzgerald, Marilyn L, Lincecum, John, Zako, Masahiro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
cell adhesion
Cell Membrane - metabolism
Drosophila
extracellular matrix
glypicans
growth factors
heparan sulfate
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans - biosynthesis
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans - metabolism
Humans
proteoglycans
Sulfates
syndecans
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Summary:The heparan sulfate on the surface of all adherent cells modulates the actions of a large number of extracellular ligands. Members of both cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan families, the transmembrane syndecans and the glycosylphosphoinositide-linked glypicans, bind these ligands and enhance formation of their receptor-signaling complexes. These heparan sulfate proteoglycans also immobilize and regulate the turnover of ligands that act at the cell surface. The extracellular domains of these proteoglycans can be shed from the cell surface, generating soluble heparan sulfate proteoglycans that can inhibit interactions at the cell surface. Recent analyses of genetic defects in Drosophila melanogaster , mice, and humans confirm most of these activities in vivo and identify additional processes that involve cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms underlying these activities and on the cellular functions that they regulate.
ISSN:0066-4154
1545-4509
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.729