Heterogeneity of Human CD4+ T Cells Against Microbes

CD4 + T helper (Th) cells play a central role in the adaptive immune response by providing help to B cells and cytotoxic T cells and by releasing different types of cytokines in tissues to mediate protection against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. These functions are performed by differen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of immunology 2016-05, Vol.34 (1), p.317-334
Main Author: Sallusto, Federica
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
Bacterial Infections - immunology
Biodiversity
Candida
CD4
CD4 Antigens - metabolism
Cell Differentiation
chemokine receptors
Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated
Clone Cells
cytokines
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
human T cells
Humans
Immunity, Humoral
Mycobacteria
Mycoses - immunology
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - genetics
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - metabolism
Th cells
Th1 Cells - immunology
Th17 Cells - immunology
Vaccines - immunology
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Summary:CD4 + T helper (Th) cells play a central role in the adaptive immune response by providing help to B cells and cytotoxic T cells and by releasing different types of cytokines in tissues to mediate protection against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. These functions are performed by different types of Th cells endowed with distinct migratory capacities and effector functions. Here we discuss how studies of the human T cell response to microbes have advanced our understanding of Th cell functional heterogeneity, in particular with the discovery of a distinct Th1 subset involved in the response to Mycobacteria and the characterization of two types of Th17 cells specific for extracellular bacteria or fungi. We also review new approaches to dissect at the clonal level the human CD4 + T cell response induced by pathogens or vaccines that have revealed an unexpected degree of intraclonal diversification and propose a progressive and selective model of CD4 + T cell differentiation.
ISSN:0732-0582
1545-3278
DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112056