Disease Tolerance as an Inherent Component of Immunity

Pathogenic organisms exert a negative impact on host health, revealed by the clinical signs of infectious diseases. Immunity limits the severity of infectious diseases through resistance mechanisms that sense and target pathogens for containment, killing, or expulsion. These resistance mechanisms ar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of immunology 2019-04, Vol.37 (1), p.405-437
Main Authors: Martins, Rui, Carlos, Ana Rita, Braza, Faouzi, Thompson, Jessica A, Bastos-Amador, Patricia, Ramos, Susana, Soares, Miguel P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
damage
disease tolerance
immunoregulation
infection
metabolism
microbiota
nutritional immunity
stress
tissue damage control
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Summary:Pathogenic organisms exert a negative impact on host health, revealed by the clinical signs of infectious diseases. Immunity limits the severity of infectious diseases through resistance mechanisms that sense and target pathogens for containment, killing, or expulsion. These resistance mechanisms are viewed as the prevailing function of immunity. Under pathophysiologic conditions, however, immunity arises in response to infections that carry health and fitness costs to the host. Therefore, additional defense mechanisms are required to limit these costs, before immunity becomes operational as well as thereafter to avoid immunopathology. These are tissue damage control mechanisms that adjust the metabolic output of host tissues to different forms of stress and damage associated with infection. Disease tolerance is the term used to define this defense strategy, which does not exert a direct impact on pathogens but is essential to limit the health and fitness costs of infection. Under this argument, we propose that disease tolerance is an inherent component of immunity.
ISSN:0732-0582
1545-3278
DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041739