IgE, IgE Receptors and Anti-IgE Biologics: Protein Structures and Mechanisms of Action

The evolution of IgE in mammals added an extra layer of immune protection at body surfaces to provide a rapid and local response against antigens from the environment. The IgE immune response employs potent expulsive and inflammatory forces against local antigen provocation, at the risk of damaging...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of immunology 2023-04, Vol.41 (1), p.255-275
Main Authors: McDonnell, J.M, Dhaliwal, B, Sutton, B.J, Gould, H.J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
allergy
allostery
Animals
Biological Products
CD23
Fc receptors
Fc RI
Humans
immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin E - metabolism
immunoglobulins
Mammals - metabolism
Receptors, Fc
Receptors, IgE - chemistry
Receptors, IgE - metabolism
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Summary:The evolution of IgE in mammals added an extra layer of immune protection at body surfaces to provide a rapid and local response against antigens from the environment. The IgE immune response employs potent expulsive and inflammatory forces against local antigen provocation, at the risk of damaging host tissues and causing allergic disease. Two well-known IgE receptors, the high-affinity Fc RI and low-affinity CD23, mediate the activities of IgE. Unlike other known antibody receptors, CD23 also regulates IgE expression, maintaining IgE homeostasis. This mechanism evolved by adapting the function of the complement receptor CD21. Recent insights into the dynamic character of IgE structure, its resultant capacity for allosteric modulation, and the potential for ligand-induced dissociation have revealed previously unappreciated mechanisms for regulation of IgE and IgE complexes. We describe recent research, highlighting structural studies of the IgE network of proteins to analyze the uniquely versatile activities of IgE and anti-IgE biologics.
ISSN:0732-0582
1545-3278
DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-061020-053712