Electrochemical Behavior of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide in Aqueous KOH and LiOH Solutions: A Comparative Study

• Published in: Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2016-01, Vol.163 (3), p.A356-A363
• Main Authors: Rus, Eric D., Moon, Geon Dae, Bai, Jianming, Steingart, Daniel A., Erdonmez, Can K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0013-4651; 1945-7111
• DOI: 10.1149/2.1011602jes

As an inexpensive and high capacity oxidant, electrolytic manganese dioxide (γ-MnO2) is of interest as a cathode for secondary aqueous batteries. Electrochemical behavior of γ-MnO2 was characterized in aqueous 5.0 M KOH and LiOH solutions, and found to depend strongly upon cation identity. In LiOH and mixed LiOH / KOH solutions, Li-ion intercalation appeared to operate in competition with proton intercalation, being favored at higher [Li+] and, for mixed electrolytes, lower sweep rates. Electrochemical and in situ X-ray diffraction data indicated that γ-MnO2 underwent a chemically irreversible transformation upon the first reduction in LiOH solution, while in KOH solution, structure was largely unchanged after the first cycle. These experiments with γ-MnO2 as well as with a closely-related, ramsdellite-like sample, suggest that depending on sample morphology/rate capability, the irreversible process proceeds either through a solid-solution reaction or a two-phase reaction followed by a solid-solution reaction. While discharge capacity and capacity retention during galvanostatic cycling of γ-MnO2 were worse in LiOH than in KOH solution, some improvement was noted in a mixed LiOH/KOH solution.