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Comparison of regional patch collection vs. whole body washdown for measuring sweat sodium and potassium loss during exercise

Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Gatorade Research and Development, Barrington, Illinois Submitted 20 February 2009 ; accepted in final form 17 June 2009 This study compared simultaneous whole body washdown (WBW) and regional skin surface (REG) sweat collections to generate regression equations to...

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Published in:Journal of applied physiology (1985) 2009-09, Vol.107 (3), p.887-895
Main Authors: Baker, Lindsay B, Stofan, John R, Hamilton, Adam A, Horswill, Craig A
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description Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Gatorade Research and Development, Barrington, Illinois Submitted 20 February 2009 ; accepted in final form 17 June 2009 This study compared simultaneous whole body washdown (WBW) and regional skin surface (REG) sweat collections to generate regression equations to predict WBW sweat Na + concentration ([Na + ]) and K + concentration ([K + ]) from single- and five-site REG sweat patch collections. Athletes (10 men, 10 women) cycled in a plastic chamber for 90 min in the heat. Before exercise, the subject and bike were washed with deionized water. After the onset of sweating, sterile patches were attached to the forearm, back, chest, forehead, and thigh and removed on saturation. After exercise, the subject and bike were washed with ammonium sulfate solution to collect all sweat electrolyte loss and determine the volume of unevaporated sweat. All individual patch sites and five-site REG (weighted for local sweat rate and body surface area) were significantly ( P = 0.000) correlated with WBW sweat [Na + ]. The equation for predicting WBW sweat [Na + ] from five-site REG was y = 0.68 x + 0.44 [ r = 0.97, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.70] and did not differ between sexes. There were sex differences in the regression results between five-site REG and WBW sweat [K + ] (men: y = 0.74 x + 0.30, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.73; women: y = 0.04 x + 3.18, r = 0.03, ICC = 0.00). Five-site REG sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] significantly overestimated that of WBW sweat (59 ± 27 vs. 41 ± 19 meq/l, P = 0.000 and 4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 3.6 ± 0.7 meq/l, P = 0.000, respectively). For both sexes, the best sites for predicting WBW sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] were the thigh (1 ± 8 meq/l < WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.75 x + 11.37, r = 0.96, ICC = 0.93) and chest (0.2 ± 0.3 meq/l > WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.76 x + 0.55, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.87), respectively. In conclusion, regression equations can be used to accurately and reliably predict WBW sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] from REG sweat collections when study conditions and techniques are similar to that of the present protocol. electrolyte balance; local sweat composition; local sweat rate; sweat potassium concentration; sweat sodium concentration Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: L. B. Baker, Gatorade Sports Science Institute, 617 West Main St., Barrington, IL 60010 (e-mail: Lindsay.Baker{at}Gatorade.com )
doi_str_mv 10.1152/japplphysiol.00197.2009
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Athletes (10 men, 10 women) cycled in a plastic chamber for 90 min in the heat. Before exercise, the subject and bike were washed with deionized water. After the onset of sweating, sterile patches were attached to the forearm, back, chest, forehead, and thigh and removed on saturation. After exercise, the subject and bike were washed with ammonium sulfate solution to collect all sweat electrolyte loss and determine the volume of unevaporated sweat. All individual patch sites and five-site REG (weighted for local sweat rate and body surface area) were significantly ( P = 0.000) correlated with WBW sweat [Na + ]. The equation for predicting WBW sweat [Na + ] from five-site REG was y = 0.68 x + 0.44 [ r = 0.97, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.70] and did not differ between sexes. There were sex differences in the regression results between five-site REG and WBW sweat [K + ] (men: y = 0.74 x + 0.30, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.73; women: y = 0.04 x + 3.18, r = 0.03, ICC = 0.00). Five-site REG sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] significantly overestimated that of WBW sweat (59 ± 27 vs. 41 ± 19 meq/l, P = 0.000 and 4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 3.6 ± 0.7 meq/l, P = 0.000, respectively). For both sexes, the best sites for predicting WBW sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] were the thigh (1 ± 8 meq/l &lt; WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.75 x + 11.37, r = 0.96, ICC = 0.93) and chest (0.2 ± 0.3 meq/l &gt; WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.76 x + 0.55, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.87), respectively. In conclusion, regression equations can be used to accurately and reliably predict WBW sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] from REG sweat collections when study conditions and techniques are similar to that of the present protocol. electrolyte balance; local sweat composition; local sweat rate; sweat potassium concentration; sweat sodium concentration Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: L. B. 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Athletes (10 men, 10 women) cycled in a plastic chamber for 90 min in the heat. Before exercise, the subject and bike were washed with deionized water. After the onset of sweating, sterile patches were attached to the forearm, back, chest, forehead, and thigh and removed on saturation. After exercise, the subject and bike were washed with ammonium sulfate solution to collect all sweat electrolyte loss and determine the volume of unevaporated sweat. All individual patch sites and five-site REG (weighted for local sweat rate and body surface area) were significantly ( P = 0.000) correlated with WBW sweat [Na + ]. The equation for predicting WBW sweat [Na + ] from five-site REG was y = 0.68 x + 0.44 [ r = 0.97, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.70] and did not differ between sexes. There were sex differences in the regression results between five-site REG and WBW sweat [K + ] (men: y = 0.74 x + 0.30, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.73; women: y = 0.04 x + 3.18, r = 0.03, ICC = 0.00). Five-site REG sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] significantly overestimated that of WBW sweat (59 ± 27 vs. 41 ± 19 meq/l, P = 0.000 and 4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 3.6 ± 0.7 meq/l, P = 0.000, respectively). For both sexes, the best sites for predicting WBW sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] were the thigh (1 ± 8 meq/l &lt; WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.75 x + 11.37, r = 0.96, ICC = 0.93) and chest (0.2 ± 0.3 meq/l &gt; WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.76 x + 0.55, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.87), respectively. In conclusion, regression equations can be used to accurately and reliably predict WBW sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] from REG sweat collections when study conditions and techniques are similar to that of the present protocol. electrolyte balance; local sweat composition; local sweat rate; sweat potassium concentration; sweat sodium concentration Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: L. B. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Potassium</topic><topic>Potassium - analysis</topic><topic>Potassium - metabolism</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Sample Size</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Sodium - analysis</topic><topic>Sodium - metabolism</topic><topic>Specimen Handling - methods</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Sweat - chemistry</topic><topic>Sweating - physiology</topic><topic>Water-Electrolyte Balance - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baker, Lindsay B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stofan, John R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamilton, Adam A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horswill, Craig A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied physiology (1985)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Baker, Lindsay B</au><au>Stofan, John R</au><au>Hamilton, Adam A</au><au>Horswill, Craig A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of regional patch collection vs. whole body washdown for measuring sweat sodium and potassium loss during exercise</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied physiology (1985)</jtitle><addtitle>J Appl Physiol (1985)</addtitle><date>2009-09-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>107</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>887</spage><epage>895</epage><pages>887-895</pages><issn>8750-7587</issn><eissn>1522-1601</eissn><coden>JAPHEV</coden><abstract>Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Gatorade Research and Development, Barrington, Illinois Submitted 20 February 2009 ; accepted in final form 17 June 2009 This study compared simultaneous whole body washdown (WBW) and regional skin surface (REG) sweat collections to generate regression equations to predict WBW sweat Na + concentration ([Na + ]) and K + concentration ([K + ]) from single- and five-site REG sweat patch collections. Athletes (10 men, 10 women) cycled in a plastic chamber for 90 min in the heat. Before exercise, the subject and bike were washed with deionized water. After the onset of sweating, sterile patches were attached to the forearm, back, chest, forehead, and thigh and removed on saturation. After exercise, the subject and bike were washed with ammonium sulfate solution to collect all sweat electrolyte loss and determine the volume of unevaporated sweat. All individual patch sites and five-site REG (weighted for local sweat rate and body surface area) were significantly ( P = 0.000) correlated with WBW sweat [Na + ]. The equation for predicting WBW sweat [Na + ] from five-site REG was y = 0.68 x + 0.44 [ r = 0.97, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.70] and did not differ between sexes. There were sex differences in the regression results between five-site REG and WBW sweat [K + ] (men: y = 0.74 x + 0.30, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.73; women: y = 0.04 x + 3.18, r = 0.03, ICC = 0.00). Five-site REG sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] significantly overestimated that of WBW sweat (59 ± 27 vs. 41 ± 19 meq/l, P = 0.000 and 4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 3.6 ± 0.7 meq/l, P = 0.000, respectively). For both sexes, the best sites for predicting WBW sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] were the thigh (1 ± 8 meq/l &lt; WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.75 x + 11.37, r = 0.96, ICC = 0.93) and chest (0.2 ± 0.3 meq/l &gt; WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.76 x + 0.55, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.87), respectively. In conclusion, regression equations can be used to accurately and reliably predict WBW sweat [Na + ] and [K + ] from REG sweat collections when study conditions and techniques are similar to that of the present protocol. electrolyte balance; local sweat composition; local sweat rate; sweat potassium concentration; sweat sodium concentration Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: L. B. Baker, Gatorade Sports Science Institute, 617 West Main St., Barrington, IL 60010 (e-mail: Lindsay.Baker{at}Gatorade.com )</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Am Physiological Soc</pub><pmid>19541738</pmid><doi>10.1152/japplphysiol.00197.2009</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
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source American Physiological Society Journals; American Physiological Society:Jisc Collections:American Physiological Society Journals ‘Read Publish & Join’ Agreement:2023-2024 (Reading list)
subjects Adult
Algorithms
Biological and medical sciences
Body fluids
Comparative analysis
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Linear Models
Male
Potassium
Potassium - analysis
Potassium - metabolism
Reproducibility of Results
Sample Size
Sex Characteristics
Sodium
Sodium - analysis
Sodium - metabolism
Specimen Handling - methods
Studies
Sweat - chemistry
Sweating - physiology
Water-Electrolyte Balance - physiology
title Comparison of regional patch collection vs. whole body washdown for measuring sweat sodium and potassium loss during exercise
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