Loading…
Digital Image Analysis of Cigarette Filter Stains as an Indicator of Compensatory Smoking
Objective: Cigarette filters trap a significant portion of carcinogen-containing smoke particulate and may provide an indication of cigarette constituent exposure. A technique for quantifying filter tar staining with digital imaging has shown predictive value between typical total puff volume and fi...
Saved in:
Published in: | Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention biomarkers & prevention, 2006-12, Vol.15 (12), p.2565-2569 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
Summary: | Objective: Cigarette filters trap a significant portion of carcinogen-containing smoke particulate and may provide an indication
of cigarette constituent exposure. A technique for quantifying filter tar staining with digital imaging has shown predictive
value between typical total puff volume and filter tar stain intensity. The current study uses smoking topography data acquired
during an examination of compensatory smoking of Quest cigarettes and digital analyses of the tar stains of the spent Quest
cigarette filters. Due to reduced nicotine levels, we hypothesized compensatory smoking to occur. The purposes of the current
study were to describe the physical characteristics of the Quest cigarettes, to further validate the effect of puff volume
on filter tar staining, and to examine the effect of compensatory smoking on changes in filter tar staining, hypothesizing
that compensatory smoking would result in more intense tar staining.
Methods: Physical characteristics of the Quest cigarettes were measured to characterize the product. Spent cigarette filters
were digitally analyzed for color intensity features, matched to smoking topography measures, and examined in regression models.
Difference scores for digital imaging and smoking topography were used in a regression model to identify the effect of compensatory
smoking on tar stain.
Results: Total puff volume was a significant predictor of a*center (redness) [ β = 0.003 (SE, 0.0004), R 2 = 0.42, t = 7.87, P < 0.001] and L*center (lightness) [ β = −0.015 (SE, 0.002), R 2 = 0.45, t = −8.18, P < 0.001] for Quest cigarettes and a significant predictor of a*center [ β = 0.003 (SE, 0.0005), R 2 = 0.37, t = 5.27, P < 0.001] and L*center [ β = −0.009 (SE, 0.002), R 2 = 0.35, t = −5.05, P < 0.001] for own preferred brand. Regression models indicate total puff volume difference was a significant predictor of
L*center difference [ β = −0.01 (SE, 0.003), R 2 = 0.171, t = −3.15, P = 0.003] and approached significance for a*center difference [ β = 0.002 (SE, 0.001), R 2 = 0.057, t = 1.99, P = 0.053].
Conclusion: Results suggest that compensatory smoking may be detectable by darkening and reddening of the tar stain. This
type of measure could be useful in quantifying the extent to which human smokers smoke differently than standard testing protocols
and in assessing the prevalence of compensatory smoking in population samples. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2565–9) |
---|---|
ISSN: | 1055-9965 1538-7755 |
DOI: | 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0623 |