Ascitic Growth of a Spontaneous Transplantable T Cell Lymphoma Induces Thymic Involution

• Published in: Tumor biology 2000-05, Vol.21 (5), p.288-298
• Main Authors: Shanker, Anil, Singh, Sukh Mahendra, Sodhi, Ajit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Original Paper
• ISSN: 1010-4283; 1423-0380
• DOI: 10.1159/000030134

We have previously shown that the progressive ascitic growth of a transplantable T cell lymphoma of spontaneous origin in a murine host, designated as Dalton’s lymphoma (DL), induces the inhibition of various immune responses. In a quest to understand the mechanism(s) of tumor-growth-dependent immunosuppression, we were interested to investigate if the thymus, the center for the differentiation of immunocompetent T cells, undergoes any alteration concomitant with the growth of DL. Thus, DL was grown as an ascitic tumor in BALB/c mice for a period of 4 or 17 days, designated as the early and late tumor stages, respectively, and the thymuses were examined immediately after sacrifice of the animals on the 4th or 17th day of tumor transplantation. Progressive growth of DL was observed to be associated with thymic atrophy, as well as an involution of thymic organization and a depletion of cell mass. Histological sections of thymus from DL-bearing mice revealed a complete disintegration of the thymic architecture with a massive depletion of the cortical region and disappearance of the corticomedullary junctions. Flow cytometric analysis of alterations in the distribution of thymocytes revealed a decrease in CD4+CD8–, CD4–CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ cell populations, whereas the CD4–CD8– population showed an increase, suggesting an impairment in thymocyte differentiation at an early T cell maturation stage. Furthermore, tumor growth was shown to suppress the proliferation ability of thymocytes. Moreover, an increase in thymocytes of smaller size was also found with the progression of DL, which is an indication that a large fraction of thymocytes of a small, abnormal size could be apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the paper discusses the immunological implications of thymic atrophy in a host bearing a T cell lymphoma.