Determination of the Median Toxic Dose of Type C Botulinum Toxin in Lactating Dairy Cows

Because of the difficulty in identifying botulinum toxin in cattle, it is hypothesized that cattle are sensitive to levels of toxin below the detection limits of current diagnostic techniques (the mouse protection bioassay and the immunostick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for type C botu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation 2003-11, Vol.15 (6), p.523-526
Main Authors: Moeller, Robert B. Jr, Puschner, Birgit, Walker, Richard L, Rocke, Tonie, Galey, Frank D, Cullor, James S, Ardans, Alex A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
bioassays
Biological and medical sciences
blood
botulinum toxin
Botulinum Toxins - toxicity
botulism
Cattle
Clostridium botulinum - pathogenicity
Clostridium botulinum C
dairy cows
detection limit
diagnostic techniques
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - veterinary
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Holstein
Lactation
Lethal Dose 50
mice
Microbiology
milk
Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose
toxicity
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Summary:Because of the difficulty in identifying botulinum toxin in cattle, it is hypothesized that cattle are sensitive to levels of toxin below the detection limits of current diagnostic techniques (the mouse protection bioassay and the immunostick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for type C botulinum toxin). Using an up-down method for toxicologic testing, the median toxic dose (MTD50) for cattle was determined. Four lactating Holstein cows were dosed at 0.125 or 0.25 ng/kg with Clostridium botulinum type C toxin and failed to develop clinical signs of botulism during the 7-day observation period. Three cows given 0.50 ng/kg of toxin developed clinical signs of botulism. From these results, the MTD50 was calculated at 0.388 ng/kg (3.88 mouse lethal doses/kg) using the trim-logit method. These results suggest that cattle are 12.88 times more sensitive to type C botulinum toxin than a mouse on a per kilogram weight basis. The mouse protection bioassay and the immunostick ELISA for type C botulinum toxin failed to identify the presence of the toxin in the serum, blood, and milk samples taken from all 7 animals.
ISSN:1040-6387
1943-4936
DOI:10.1177/104063870301500603