Response surface optimized green approach for silk and cotton dyeing using Beta vulgaris peels extract as a dye and pomegranate rind as bio-mordant: Waste to craft

• Published in: Journal of engineered fibers and fabrics 2024-01, Vol.19
• Main Authors: Hussain, Hafiz Nawaz, Imtiaz, Faiza, Sajid, Arfaa, Younas, Umer, Manzoor, Qaisar, Mnif, Wissem, Nazir, Arif, Al-Mijalli, Samiah H, Iqbal, Munawar, Ehsan, Nimra
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1558-9250; 1558-9250
• DOI: 10.1177/15589250241309010

In this study, a green method was employed for dyeing silk and cotton fabrics using extracts from Beta vulgaris peels as a colorant, pomegranate rind as a bio-mordant, and microwave-assisted extraction as a green extraction technique. The dyeing process was optimized employing response surface methodology and characterization of the dyed fabric was conducted using FTIR, SEM, color strength, and fastness properties. The optimized conditions for dyeing were a solvent-to-extract ratio of 10 ml/g, temperature 70°C, and pH 6. The values of K/S calculated under optimal conditions were 2.565 for cotton fabric and 3.928 for silk fabric, with good fastness properties ranging from 4-5. Better fastness properties were obtained at low pH and a high solvent-to-solid ratio. FTIR confirmed the different functional groups including prominent peaks appearing at 1600–1700, 1546, and 1200–1300 cm−1 for Amide-I, amide-II, and amide-III functional groups in silk and 3271–3332 cm−1 (OH stretching), 2851–2915 cm−1 (C–H stretching) for cotton fabric. SEM analysis showed the characteristics of the fabric surface before and after the adsorption of the dye components. The current study revealed selected bio-waste as a new and cheaper source of coloring material. Natural dye obtained from different waste materials can be exploited as a dyeing tool for different fabrics on an industrial scale, providing a viable green alternative to hazardous synthetic colorants.