A Paleolimnological Record of Late Holocene Vegetation Change from the Central California Coast

• Published in: California archaeology 2013-12, Vol.5 (2), p.337-352
• Main Authors: Cowart, Alicia, Byrne, Roger
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1947-461X; 1947-4628
• DOI: 10.1179/1947461X13Z.00000000018

In this paper, we present results of the analysis of the pollen and microscopic charcoal content of a sediment core from Skylark Pond near Point Año Nuevo in Santa Cruz County, California. The core covers approximately the last 3,000 years and is of interest because Skylark Pond is located only 1.8 km from Quiroste Valley State Cultural Preserve, an important ceremonial and habitation location for the historic Quiroste tribe containing numerous late Holocene archaeological sites. The results show an increase in fire activity from the fifteenth century to the present. Peaks in charcoal at ca. AD 1425 along with subsequent high charcoal abundance indicate either small, frequent fires ignited by humans or large natural conflagrations. Significant changes after European colonization include increases in grass, oak, and bracken fern, all of which indicate the opening of the redwood forest by logging and ranching. Historic period charcoal peaks can be attributed to the burning of logging slash.