Early Follicular Lymphoma Progression in Patients Treated with Frontline Immunochemotherapy with/without Rituximab Maintenance: Clinically Meaningful Even in Chemosensitive Individuals

• Published in: Blood 2019-11, Vol.134 (Supplement_1), p.3983-3983
• Main Authors: Prochazka, Vit K, Belada, David, Janikova, Andrea, Benesova, Katerina, Mocikova, Heidi, Duras, Juraj, Pytlik, Robert, Pirnos, Jan, Sýkorová, Alice, Campr, Vit, Michalka, Jozef, Kopečková, Kateřina, Dlouha, Jitka, Papajik, Tomas, Trneny, Marek
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood-2019-129756

Background: Early events within 24 months (POD24) of initial immunochemotherapy (IC) were repeatedly confirmed to be associated with poor survival in follicular lymphoma (FL). Rituximab maintenance (RM) given to responding patients after IC is effective strategy to reduce relapse incidence and improve survival (Salles, Lancet 2011; Hill, BJH 2019). There is little known about the POD24 incidence pattern in chemosensitive patients, and the impact of subsequent RM application for POD24 reduction has not been studied yet. Aim: To (1) analyze the role of POD24 events in patients with responding FL and (2) describe whether post-induction RM changes the pattern of POD24 incidence and possibly post-POD24 outcome of the patients. Methods: The study comprised patients prospectively enrolled in the Czech Lymphoma Study Group network (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03199066) in 2000-2015, with grade 1-3A FL and treated with frontline R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like or R-bendamustine or R-CVP IC. Cases with previous WaW were not enrolled. No frontline stem cell (auto/allo) transplant was allowed. Only patients who achieved complete (CR/CRu) or partial remission (PR) at the end of induction (EOI) and were thus potential candidates for RM were included. Early event was defined as progression, relapse or death within 24 months after the date of EOI response assessment. Overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated from the date of diagnosis and date of EOI response (OS-EOI). Patients who experienced an event before the median time to RM initiation were excluded from POD24 survival analyses to avoid overestimation of the RM group results. Results: A total of 1089 patients were identified, of whom 729 (67%) received RM (maintenance group) and 360 (33%) were followed without RM (observation group; OBS). When comparing both groups, we found no differences in age (median age 59 yrs for both; P=0.54), sex distribution (males 39% vs. 41% in OBS vs. RM, respectively; P=0.37) and ECOG 0-1 (90% vs. 93% in OBS vs. RM; P=0.10). There was a slightly lower proportion of advanced FL (Ann Arbor III-IV) in OBS (80%) as compared to RM (87%, P=0.01), which translated into a lower proportion of high FLIPI patients (46% vs. 52% in OBS vs. RM, respectively; P=0.003). The induction regimens were as follows: R-CHOP in 70% and 83%, R-COP in 18.6% and 10.7%, R-bendamustine 1% and 4%, R-fludarabine-based in 4% and 1% and others in 5% and 1% in RM and OBS, respectively. The EOI remission status was a