Cohort Analysis of FISH Testing of CD138+ Cells in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: Implications for Prognosis and Choice of Therapy

• Published in: Blood 2014-12, Vol.124 (21), p.3399-3399
• Main Authors: Smith, Dean, Stephenson, Clemency, Lach, Anna, Chatters, Steve, Kempski, Helena, Yong, Kwee L
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood.V124.21.3399.3399

Introduction: Interphase FISH on CD138-selected bone marrow cells enables genetic risk stratification in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM), however as MM remains incurable, most centres still treat newly diagnosed MM uniformly, utilising the most active regimens available. At relapse an increasing choice of regimens, coupled with co-morbidities and treatment-emergent toxicities, means no uniform approach is possible. Instead, therapy is tailored to disease and patient related risk factors. In this setting, FISH testing may be particularly useful if not done at diagnosis and to identify progression events that may alter prognosis. Aim: To evaluate the outcome of FISH analysis in consecutive patients with relapsed MM undertaken at our centre: success rate, frequency of abnormalities, incidence of progression events and correlation of FISH abnormalities with treatment outcomes. Methods: FISH analysis was performed on 192 samples from 154 relapsed patients (2012-13). Plasma cells were selected using magnetic CD138 MicroBeads and interphase FISH carried out using probes as recommended by the EMN (Ross et al, 2012). If patients had no prior results, a full FISH MM panel was performed, using probes for t(4;14), t(14;16), t(11;14), deletion 17p (17p-), Chr 1 abnormalities (1p-/1q+) and deletion 13q (13q-). If patients had been previously tested for an IgH translocation (Tx), a progression event panel was used: 1p-/1q+, 17p- and 13q-. Patients underwent FISH testing prior to starting the next line of therapy. Results: 79% of samples were successfully analysed, with analysis limited in 16% and failed in 5%. Common reasons for failure were poor quality/aged slides, insufficient material and poor hybridisation. 17% of patients had no cytogenetic abnormality. The most common abnormality was 13q- (43.1%), followed by 1q+ (41.4%), t(11;14) (18.3%), t(4;14) (12.4%), 17p- (12.0%) 1p- (8.9%), and t(14;16) (5.6%) Progression events were more common in t(14;16) and t(4;14) groups. All patients with t(14;16) and 82% with t(4;14) had an additional genetic lesion. Only 21% of patients with t(11;14) and 54% with no IgH Tx had an additional event. 80 patients (51.3%) had prior FISH results and 13 (16.3%) had developed a new abnormality on the later test. In 9 cases the progression event was 17p-, in 2 it was 1q+ and 2 cases developed 17p- and 1q+. The patients developing 1q+ were previously standard risk, so repeat testing altered risk group. Acquisition of 17p- indicates espe