KIR2DL5B Genotype Independently Predicts Poor Outcomes in CML-CP Patients Switched to Nilotinib after Suboptimal Responses to Imatinib and May Refine Prognosis in Patients with EMR Failure

• Published in: Blood 2014-12, Vol.124 (21), p.814-814
• Main Authors: Yeung, David T, Vidovic, Ljiljana, Tang, Carine, White, Deborah L, Branford, Susan, Hughes, Timothy P, Yong, Agnes S.M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood.V124.21.814.814

▪ Introduction A correlation exists between innate immune responses and outcomes in cancer treatment, and immunological features may be prognostic biomarkers of TKI response in chronic phase CML patients (CML-CP pts). Marin et al (Leuk 2012) found KIR2DS1 to be associated with CCyR, OS and PFS, while Kreutzman et al (Exp Hem 2012) showed KIR2DL5A/B to be associated with MMR. We examined the prognostic significance of KIR (Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor) genotypes in CML-CP pts in the TIDEL-II study who received upfront treatment with imatinib and early switching to nilotinib for suboptimal responses. Method TIDEL-II is a multicentre, single arm prospective ALLG trial for de novo CP-CML pts in 2 equal sequential cohorts of 105 pts in each. All pts started on imatinib (IM) 600mg OD. Pts were monitored for achievement of time dependent molecular targets (BCR-ABL 10%, 1% and 0.1% IS at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively). Pts in cohort I (C1) who failed these targets were dose escalated to IM800. Pts failing to achieve these targets subsequently, or who were already on IM800, switched to nilotinib 400mg BID (NIL). Pts in cohort II (C2) who failed their time dependent targets switched to NIL regardless of their IM dose. Switching to NIL was also permitted for Grade III/IV or persistent Grade II non-hematological toxicity or loss of response. Baseline samples were available for 148 pts, on which KIR genotyping was done retrospectively using the KIR Genotyping SSP Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Molecular response and survival outcomes were analysed as stratified by early molecular response (EMR, BCR-ABL ≤10% at 3 months), gender, Sokal Index, age and KIR genotype. Results The 24 month MMR rate was 73% and EMR failure was 12%. Overall and progression-free survival (PFS; events = transformation to AP/BC + any death) was 94% and 93% at 4 years respectively. Failure free survival (FFS; events in PFS in addition to loss of MMR / CCyR and failure according to 2013 ELN criteria) was 76% at 4 years. In a competing risk univariate analysis, EMR correlated with MMR achievement as expected, but not Sokal, age or sex. This analysis also showed inferior MMR achievement for pts with KIR2DL5B (HR 0.423, p=0.00041), KIR2DL2 (HR 0.607, p=0.0048) and KIR2DS3 (HR 0.547, p=0.0027) genotypes. The number of pts with these alleles were 31 (21%), 83 (56%) and 44 (30%) respectively. As predicted from the population distribution of KIR genotypes, these 3 alleles were in strong linkage