Functionalization of the interlayer surfaces of kaolinite by alkylammonium groups from ionic liquids

The objective of this study was to design new, functional, nanostructured materials from the abundant clay mineral kaolinite, in spite of development problems with the interlayer chemistry of kaolinite because of its non-swelling properties. A particular goal of this work was to graft, in a controll...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clays and clay minerals 2009-10, Vol.57 (5), p.638-648
Main Authors: Letaief, Sadok, Detellier, Christian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkylammonium
Aluminosilicate
aluminosilicates
Biogeosciences
chemical properties
chemical reactions
Choline
Clay Mineral
clay mineralogy
clay minerals
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
experimental studies
Geochemistry
Grafting
Intercalation
Ionic Liquids
ions
Kaolinite
Layered Materials
liquid phase
Medicinal Chemistry
mineral interlayer
Mineralogy
Nanohybrid Materials
Nanoscale Science and Technology
Organo-Clay
rock, sediment, soil
sed rocks, sediments
Sedimentary petrology
sheet silicates
silicates
Soil Science & Conservation
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Summary:The objective of this study was to design new, functional, nanostructured materials from the abundant clay mineral kaolinite, in spite of development problems with the interlayer chemistry of kaolinite because of its non-swelling properties. A particular goal of this work was to graft, in a controlled way, alkylammonium groups onto the aluminol interlayer surfaces of kaolinite. This was successfully achieved by soft-chemical approaches, more specifically by the melting intercalation process of alkylammonium ionic liquids which were synthesized for this purpose. The resulting nanohybrid materials were characterized chemically and structurally by X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis (TG/DTA), 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The amount of grafted organic material was quantified from TGA results. Alkylammonium salts with a short alkyl chain were grafted directly using a melting reaction at 180°C under N2 involving the in situ displacement of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) from a DMSO-kaolinite pre-intercalate; for longer alkyl chains, the grafting was done in two steps. In the first step, the corresponding amino-alcohol was grafted into the kaolinite by displacement of DMSO from the interlayer space. The second step consisted of quaternarization of the grafted material by reaction with iodomethane or iodoethane.
ISSN:0009-8604
1552-8367
DOI:10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570510