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Comparative leaf anatomy and micromorphology of Psychotria species (Rubiaceae) from the Atlantic Rainforest

The genus Psychotria comprises approximately 2,000 species that are mostly shrubs distributed in forests of the tropics and subtropics. Within the Rubiaceae, Psychotria is well known for its species that produce bioactive alkaloids and for its taxonomic complexity. The anatomical and micromorphologi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta botânica brasilica 2011-03, Vol.25 (1), p.178-190
Main Authors: Moraes, Tarsila Maria da Silva, Rabelo, Guilherme Rodrigues, Alexandrino, Camilla Ribeiro, Silva Neto, Sebastião José da, Da Cunha, Maura
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The genus Psychotria comprises approximately 2,000 species that are mostly shrubs distributed in forests of the tropics and subtropics. Within the Rubiaceae, Psychotria is well known for its species that produce bioactive alkaloids and for its taxonomic complexity. The anatomical and micromorphological characters of the leaves of P. hoffmannseggiana, P. carthagenensis, P. deflexa, P. glaziovii, P. leiocarpa, P. racemosa, and P. vellosiana were investigated and described to understand the interspecific variation of these species, which will contribute to the systematics of the genus. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA) indicated four groups based on the presence or absence of some of the characters studied. Dorsiventral mesophyll, hypostomatic leaves, paracytic stomata, organization of the vascular system of the petiole and midrib in an arc and the presence of accessory bundles are common in the species examined and are typical characteristics of the Rubiaceae. The presence of styloid crystals and alkaloids are considered diagnostic characters of Psychotria. Other characteristics used to separate species in the genus are the petiole contour, cuticle ornamentation, and presence of trichomes. The results of the UPGMA cluster analyses indicated that there is similarity between Psychotria (subg. Heteropsychotria) and Palicourea species. O gênero Psychotria compreende aproximadamente 2000 espécies, a maioria arbórea distribuídas em florestas tropicais e subtropicais. Dentro de Rubiaceae, o gênero é bem conhecido pelas espécies produtoras de alcalóides bioativos e taxonomia complexa. Os caracteres anatômicos e micromorfológicos de P. hoffmannseggiana, P. carthagenensis, P. deflexa, P. glaziovii, P. leiocarpa, P. racemosa e P. vellosiana foram investigados e descritos. A variação interespecífica foi avaliada, a fim de contribuir para a sistemática do gêwnero. A análise dos componentes principais (PCA) e a análise de agrupamento através das médias não ponderadas de grupos pareados (UPGMA) indicaram quatro grupos baseados na presença e ausência de algumas características estudadas. Mesofilo dorsiventral, folhas hipostomáticas, estômatos paracíticos, organização do sistema vascular do pecíolo e da nervura principal em arco e presença de feixes acessórios são comuns nas espécies examinadas e são características típicas de Rubiaceae. A presença de cristais estilóides e de alcalóides é considerada característica diagnósti
ISSN:0102-3306
0102-3306
DOI:10.1590/S0102-33062011000100021