Temozolomide‐Induced Desquamative Skin Rash in a Patient with Metastatic Melanoma

• Published in: Pharmacotherapy 2008-03, Vol.28 (3), p.406-409
• Main Authors: Pick, Amy M., Neff, William J., Nystrom, Kelly K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - adverse effects; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Dacarbazine - adverse effects; Dacarbazine - analogs & derivatives; Dacarbazine - therapeutic use; Dermatology; desquamative; Drug Eruptions - etiology; Female; Humans; Medical sciences; Melanoma - drug therapy; Melanoma - pathology; metastatic melanoma; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; rash; Skin involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous. General aspects; Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy; temozolomide; Tumors of the skin and soft tissue. Premalignant lesions
• ISSN: 0277-0008; 1875-9114
• DOI: 10.1592/phco.28.3.406

Temozolomide is an oral alkylating agent used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Commonly reported adverse effects of the drug include nausea and vomiting, constipation, headache, and fatigue, as well as myelosuppression, which may be dose limiting. Few reports have described dermatologic adverse effects such as rash and pruritus, and, to our knowledge, none have discussed the seriousness or extensiveness of the rash. We describe a 37‐year‐old woman who was receiving temozolomide for treatment of metastatic melanoma. After 6 weeks of therapy, the patient developed an unexplained fever. The drug was discontinued, and the fever resolved within 2 days. Temozolomide was restarted 2 months later; the patient again developed a fever. This time the fever was accompanied by a diffuse erythematous skin rash that progressed to an extensive, full‐body, desquamative skin rash. The rash was treated with moisturizing cream along with intravenous and topical corticosteroids and antibiotics. Due to the severity of the rash, temozolomide was permanently discontinued. Even after its discontinuation, the patient experienced the rash on a long‐term basis, with periodic exacerbations. However, none were as severe as the first rash. The patient's metastatic disease remained stable for the next 2 years. According to the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale, the likelihood that temozolomide was responsible for the adverse drug reaction of fever was probable (score of 6). Clinicians should be aware that an erythematous and exfoliative rash may be induced by temozolomide, and be familiar with the pharmacologic and supportive measures necessary for its treatment.