Nanoparticles Based Carbon Paste Electrodes for the Determination of Flupentixol Dihydrochloride: Application to Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacokinetic Study

• Published in: International journal of electrochemical science 2016-12, Vol.11 (12), p.10715-10731
• Main Author: Abdallah, Nehad A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: copper nanoparticles; dissolution; Flupentixol; multiwall-carbon-nanotubes; pharmacokinetics
• ISSN: 1452-3981; 1452-3981
• DOI: 10.20964/2016.12.04

Five different carbon paste electrodes were developed and applied for the electrochemical determination of flupentixol dihydrochloride. Sensor 1 was fabricated using a mixture of graphite powder and multiwall-carbon-nanotubes. Different additives were used to improve the performance and the sensitivity of the carbon paste electrode. Sensor 2 was developed using chitosan in addition to the graphite powder and the multiwall-carbon-nanotubes while sensor 3 was fabricated with the addition of calix[4]arene ionophore. Copper nanoparticles were incorporated in the membrane paste of sensor 4. Sensor 5 was fabricated using a mixture of copper nanoparticles, multiwall-carbon-nanotubes and calix[4]arene in a graphite paste. The studied carbon paste electrodes exhibited the best performance characteristics with slopes of 29.7, 28.8, 30.2, 30.7 and 30.8 (mV / concentration decade) and linear concentration ranges of 1.0 × 10-5 - 1.0 × 10-2, 1.0 × 10-6 - 1.0 × 10-1, 1.0 × 10-7 - 1.0 × 10-2, 1.0 × 10-9 - 1.0 × 10-2 and 1.0 × 10-10 - 1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1for sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The sensors linear ranges deviated from their ideal ranges after 40, 46, 58, 63 and 82 days for sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. All the proposed sensors were successfully used for the determination of flupentixol dihydrochloride in bulk, tablets dosage forms and human plasma samples.