Kill date of vetch, rye, and a vetch-rye mixture. I. Cover crop and corn nitrogen

Spring kill date affects cover crop N content and N availability to subsequent no-till corn (Zea mays L.). This 2-yr study was conducted in 1990 and 1991 at Coastal Plain and Piedmont locations in Maryland to evaluate three cover crop kill dates, three corn planting dates, and four corn fertilizer N...

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Published in:Agronomy journal 1997-05, Vol.89 (3), p.427-434
Main Authors: Clark, A.J. (USDA, ARS, Natl. Agric. Library, Beltsville, MD.), Decker, A.M, Meisinger, J.J, McIntosh, M.S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ABONOS NITROGENADOS
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
AZOTE
Biological and medical sciences
BIOMASA
BIOMASS
BIOMASSE
CARBON
CARBONE
CARBONO
CERO-LABRANZA
COASTAL PLAINS
CONTENIDO DE NITROGENO
COVER PLANTS
CROP YIELD
CROPPING SYSTEMS
Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage
DATE DE PLANTATION
ENGRAIS AZOTE
FECHA DE PLANTACION
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General agronomy. Plant production
Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns
HIGHLANDS
LLANURA COSTERA
LLUVIA
MARYLAND
NITROGEN
NITROGEN CONTENT
Nitrogen fertilization
NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizations
NITROGENO
NON TRAVAIL DU SOL
PLAINE COTIERE
PLANTAS DE COBERTURA
PLANTE DE COUVERTURE
PLANTING DATE
PLUIE
PRIMAVERA
PRINTEMPS
RAIN
REGION D'ALTITUDE
RENDEMENT DES CULTURES
RENDIMIENTO DE CULTIVOS
SECALE CEREALE
SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO
Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments
SPRING
SYSTEME DE CULTURE
TEMPS
TENEUR EN AZOTE
TIEMPO
TIME
VICIA VILLOSA
ZEA MAYS
ZERO TILLAGE
ZONA DE MONTANA
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Summary:Spring kill date affects cover crop N content and N availability to subsequent no-till corn (Zea mays L.). This 2-yr study was conducted in 1990 and 1991 at Coastal Plain and Piedmont locations in Maryland to evaluate three cover crop kill dates, three corn planting dates, and four corn fertilizer N (FN) rates following hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and a vetch-rye mixture. No-cover checks were included for each corn planting date. Fertilizer N rates were 0 to 202 kg ha-1 in the Piedmont and 0 to 270 kg ha-1 for the Coastal Plain. The vetch-rye mixture contained as much or more N than vetch, and more N than rye within each kill date. Cover crop biomass and N content increased for each delay in kill. In a 50-d period from late March until early May, vetch and the vetch-rye mixture accumulated about 2 kg N ha-1 d-1, with total topgrowth N accumulation from 144 to 203 kg ha-1 over two locations and two years. Greatest rye N accumulation was 51 kg ha-1. Corn N content ranged from 37 to 293 kg ha-1, and was significantly affected by FN rate. Within FN rate, N content was greater following vetch or vetch-rye than following rye or no cover, particularly at low FN rates. Corn N content was greater if cover kill and corn planting were delayed until late April or mid-May. This was attributed to greater cover crop N production and mulching effects, and the timing of summer rainfall. Corn FN requirements were greatest following rye or no cover, intermediate following vetch-rye, and least following vetch. This demonstrates that cover crop species and kill date can be managed to conserve N with rye, supply N for the next crop with vetch, or provide both N conservation and N supply with a vetch-rye mixture
ISSN:0002-1962
1435-0645
DOI:10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900030010x