Engineered nanomaterials induce alterations in biological barriers: focus on paracellular permeability

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are widely used in medical diagnosis and treatment, as food additives and as energy materials. ENPs may exert adverse or beneficial effects on the human body, which may be linked to interactions with biological barriers. In this review, the authors summarize the influ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomedicine (London, England) England), 2021-12, Vol.16 (30), p.2725-2741
Main Authors: Wang, Lan-Min, Wang, Yu-Ting, Yang, Wan-Xi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Humans
MAPK
nanoparticle
Nanoparticles
nanostructures
paracellular permeability
Permeability
ROCK
tight junction
Tight Junctions - metabolism
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Summary:Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are widely used in medical diagnosis and treatment, as food additives and as energy materials. ENPs may exert adverse or beneficial effects on the human body, which may be linked to interactions with biological barriers. In this review, the authors summarize the influences of four typical metal/metal oxide nanomaterials (Ag, TiO , Au, ZnO nanoparticles) on the paracellular permeability of biological barriers. Disruptions on tight junctions, adhesion junctions, gap junctions and desmosomes via complex signaling pathways, such as the MAPK, PKC and ROCK signaling pathways, affect paracellular permeability. Reactive oxygen species and cytokines underlie the mechanism of ENP-triggered alterations in paracellular permeability. This review provides the information necessary for the cautious application of nanoparticles in medicine and life sciences in the future.
ISSN:1743-5889
1748-6963
DOI:10.2217/nnm-2021-0165