A phylogenetic analysis of Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae): implications for the evolution of breeding systems

Phylogenetic analysis of Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae), a monophyletic lineage endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, produced six equally most parsimonious trees with 132 steps using morphological characters. Four major clades were found in all trees. Breeding system characters were exclud...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Systematic botany 1995-07, Vol.20 (3), p.315-337
Main Authors: Weller, S.G. (University of California, Irvine, CA.), Wagner, W.L, Sakai, A.K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ANATOMIA DE LA PLANTA
ANATOMIE VEGETALE
Biological taxonomies
Breeding
Calyx
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Dioecy
DISTRIBUCION NATURAL
DISTRIBUTION NATURELLE
Evolution
FILOGENIA
HAWAI
HAWAII
Inflorescences
Leaves
Nectaries
Parsimony
Phylogenetics
PHYLOGENIE
TAXONOMIA NUMERICA
TAXONOMIE NUMERIQUE
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Summary:Phylogenetic analysis of Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae), a monophyletic lineage endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, produced six equally most parsimonious trees with 132 steps using morphological characters. Four major clades were found in all trees. Breeding system characters were excluded from the analysis because of the likelihood that dimorphism (gynodioecy, subdioecy, dioecy) has evolved in parallel in Schiedea, although subsequent inclusion of these characters had little effect on topology. Dimorphism is found in the two clades occurring primarily in dry habitats. Mapping of breeding systems on the phylogeny suggests that dimorphism has probably evolved on two or more occasions, depending on the number of character states and whether the character is treated as ordered or unordered. One to several reversals from dimorphism to hermaphroditism have also occurred. Dimorphic species occur only in dry habitats, but mapping of habitat on the phylogeny suggests that hermaphroditic species originally may have invaded dry habitats without evolving a dimorphic breeding system. Ecological shifts to very wet habitats appear to have favored the evolution of autogamy, which has occurred independently in the two clades largely restricted to mesic or wet habitats. The striking variation in breeding systems found in the Hawaiian Islands following colonization by the ancestor of this lineage
ISSN:0363-6445
1548-2324
DOI:10.2307/2419498