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Effect of Stratification and Gibberellin on Seed Germination in Ginkgo biloba

The effects of stratification and exogenous gibberellic acid on seed germination in Ginkgo biloba were followed for a 12-week period. Most nonstratified seeds either remain dormant or decompose during this period, while nearly 100% of stratified seeds germinate within 7-10 weeks. Removal of the hard...

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Published in:	Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 1970-11, Vol.97 (6), p.380-384
Main Authors:	West, W. Charles, Frattarelli, Francesca J., Russin, Karen J.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Barley Bioassay Embryos Endosperm Gametophytes Germination Gibberellins Room temperature Seeds Testa Torreya
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container_issue	6
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container_title	Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
container_volume	97
creator	West, W. Charles Frattarelli, Francesca J. Russin, Karen J.
description	The effects of stratification and exogenous gibberellic acid on seed germination in Ginkgo biloba were followed for a 12-week period. Most nonstratified seeds either remain dormant or decompose during this period, while nearly 100% of stratified seeds germinate within 7-10 weeks. Removal of the hard portion of the seed coat produces only a slight enhancement in germination of nonstratified seeds. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid to nonstratified seeds enhances germination to a level that approaches that of stratified seeds. Barley endosperm bioassay data of ethyl acetate extractable gibberellins from Ginkgo embryos indicate that stratified embryos contain approximately 100 times more GA3equivalents than nonstratified embryos. It is concluded that stratification and gibberellin metabolism are related in the germination of Ginkgo seeds, and that exogenous GA3will largely substitute for stratification in nonstratified seeds to promote germination.
doi_str_mv	10.2307/2483859
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Charles ; Frattarelli, Francesca J. ; Russin, Karen J.</creator><creatorcontrib>West, W. Charles ; Frattarelli, Francesca J. ; Russin, Karen J.</creatorcontrib><description>The effects of stratification and exogenous gibberellic acid on seed germination in Ginkgo biloba were followed for a 12-week period. Most nonstratified seeds either remain dormant or decompose during this period, while nearly 100% of stratified seeds germinate within 7-10 weeks. Removal of the hard portion of the seed coat produces only a slight enhancement in germination of nonstratified seeds. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid to nonstratified seeds enhances germination to a level that approaches that of stratified seeds. Barley endosperm bioassay data of ethyl acetate extractable gibberellins from Ginkgo embryos indicate that stratified embryos contain approximately 100 times more GA3equivalents than nonstratified embryos. 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Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frattarelli, Francesca J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russin, Karen J.</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Stratification and Gibberellin on Seed Germination in Ginkgo biloba</title><title>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</title><description>The effects of stratification and exogenous gibberellic acid on seed germination in Ginkgo biloba were followed for a 12-week period. Most nonstratified seeds either remain dormant or decompose during this period, while nearly 100% of stratified seeds germinate within 7-10 weeks. Removal of the hard portion of the seed coat produces only a slight enhancement in germination of nonstratified seeds. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid to nonstratified seeds enhances germination to a level that approaches that of stratified seeds. Barley endosperm bioassay data of ethyl acetate extractable gibberellins from Ginkgo embryos indicate that stratified embryos contain approximately 100 times more GA3equivalents than nonstratified embryos. It is concluded that stratification and gibberellin metabolism are related in the germination of Ginkgo seeds, and that exogenous GA3will largely substitute for stratification in nonstratified seeds to promote germination.</description><subject>Barley</subject><subject>Bioassay</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Endosperm</subject><subject>Gametophytes</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Gibberellins</subject><subject>Room temperature</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Testa</subject><subject>Torreya</subject><issn>0040-9618</issn><issn>2325-8055</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1970</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kE1LxDAURYMoWEfxL2QhuKq-fLZZyjB2hBEXo-uSpIlk7DSSdOO_N9LZurnvcji8xUXolsADZdA8Ut6yVqgzVFFGRd2CEOeoAuBQK0naS3SV8wEAlCBQodeN987OOHq8n5Oegw-2ZJywngbcBWNccuMYJlzQ3rnCXDqGaXEK7sL09RmxCWM0-hpdeD1md3O6K_TxvHlfb-vdW_eyftrVlrR8rgdtKCNKEUrVoJQuRbjGe24tNUpqOzScSu-V5402rTGCEMmkHLSVYBvNVuh--WtTzDk533-ncNTppyfQ_63Qn1Yo5t1iHvIc07_aLzD5Wfc</recordid><startdate>19701101</startdate><enddate>19701101</enddate><creator>West, W. 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Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frattarelli, Francesca J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russin, Karen J.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>West, W. Charles</au><au>Frattarelli, Francesca J.</au><au>Russin, Karen J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of Stratification and Gibberellin on Seed Germination in Ginkgo biloba</atitle><jtitle>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</jtitle><date>1970-11-01</date><risdate>1970</risdate><volume>97</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>380</spage><epage>384</epage><pages>380-384</pages><issn>0040-9618</issn><eissn>2325-8055</eissn><abstract>The effects of stratification and exogenous gibberellic acid on seed germination in Ginkgo biloba were followed for a 12-week period. Most nonstratified seeds either remain dormant or decompose during this period, while nearly 100% of stratified seeds germinate within 7-10 weeks. Removal of the hard portion of the seed coat produces only a slight enhancement in germination of nonstratified seeds. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid to nonstratified seeds enhances germination to a level that approaches that of stratified seeds. Barley endosperm bioassay data of ethyl acetate extractable gibberellins from Ginkgo embryos indicate that stratified embryos contain approximately 100 times more GA3equivalents than nonstratified embryos. It is concluded that stratification and gibberellin metabolism are related in the germination of Ginkgo seeds, and that exogenous GA3will largely substitute for stratification in nonstratified seeds to promote germination.</abstract><pub>Business Press</pub><doi>10.2307/2483859</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record>
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source	JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection
subjects	Barley Bioassay Embryos Endosperm Gametophytes Germination Gibberellins Room temperature Seeds Testa Torreya
title	Effect of Stratification and Gibberellin on Seed Germination in Ginkgo biloba
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