Impact of different sheep grazing intensities on salt marsh vegetation in northern Germany

• Published in: Journal of vegetation science 1996-02, Vol.7 (1), p.99-106
• Main Authors: Kiehl, K., Eischeid, I., Gettner, S., Walter, J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anon for plant species; BOTANICAL COMPOSITION; COMPOSICION BOTANICA; COMPOSITION BOTANIQUE; CONDUITE DES HERBAGES; Dierßen et al. for plant communities; ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION; Flowering plants; GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT; Grazing; GRAZING INTENSITY; HALOFITAS; HALOPHYTE; HALOPHYTES; INTENSIDAD DE PASTOREO; INTENSITE DE PATURAGE; Levees; Management; MANEJO DE PRADERAS; MARISMAS SALADAS; OVIN; OVINOS; Plants; PRE SALE; Salt marshes; SALTMARSHES; SCHLESWIG HOLSTEIN; SHEEP; SLESWIG-HOLSTEIN; Special Feature: Community Ecology and Conservation Biology; Succession; SUCCESSION ECOLOGIQUE; SUCESION ECOLOGICA; Tidal flats; Vegetation; Vegetation structure
• ISSN: 1100-9233; 1654-1103
• DOI: 10.2307/3236421

Mainland salt marshes in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany) have been grazed intensively by sheep for several decades. In 1988 experimental sites were established in the lower and middle salt marsh of Sönke-Nissen-Koog and subjected to different grazing intensities. From 1989 to 1993 the impact of sheep grazing on the composition and structure of the salt marsh vegetation was studied through the yearly analysis of permanent plots, vegetation mapping and measurements of the vegetation height. The intensively grazed site (10 sheep/ha) is covered by a short monotonous Puccinellia maritima sward with Salicornia europaea and Suaeda maritima. Halimione portulacoides and Aster tripolium, especially flowering plants, are rare. On the sites with 1.5 and 3 sheep/ha Puccinellia maritima remained dominant. The population density of Salicornia europaea decreases after reduction of the grazing intensity, whereas Suaeda maritima finds optimal growing conditions. Stands of Halimione portulacoides and flowering Aster tripolium plants are rare near the sea dike but their cover and size increases further away from the dike. In the plot with 1.5 sheep/ha the height of the vegetation increases along the gradient from the dike towards the tidal flats, due to local differences in actual grazing intensity. When grazing is stopped, Puccinellia maritima is successively replaced by Festuca rubra, Halimione portulacoides and Aster tripolium. High variability of vegetation height indicates structural diversity. Patches of higher and lower vegetation correspond with the distribution pattern of different plant species. In terms of nature conservation cessation of grazing is recommended.