Effects of dietary rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) leaf powder and Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, antioxidant and immune-related gene expression, and resistance to Aeromonas hydriphila in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

• Published in: Annals of animal science 2024-10
• Main Authors: Sadeghloo, Abbas, Akrami, Reza, Ghelichi, Afshin, Chitsaz, Hosein, Shamloofar, Mahshid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2300-8733; 2300-8733
• DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2024-0101

Due to increasing demand about the application of natural feed additives in aquaculture, the efficacy of separate and the combination of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) and B. subtilis on the growth performance, blood indices, innate immunity, antioxidant defense, digestive enzymes activity, the expression levels of genes with immunity modulation, as well as the act of resisting against Aeromonas hydriphila , in common carp, C. carpio is reported. Fish (44.63 ± 0.04 g) were divided into four treatments including the T0 (control treatment) fed with basal diet, T1 fed with rosemary at the rate of 3 %, T2 fed with 1.5×10 7 CFU g -1 B. subtilis , and T3 fed with a combination of rosemary at the rate of 3 % and 1.5×10 7 CFU g -1 B. subtilis. After 56 days enriched feed with B. subtilis and combination of rosemary and B. subtilis caused significant improvement in weight gain (WG %), feed conversion ratio (FCR), hematological and biochemical indices, the innate immune responses including in total Ig level, lysozyme and ACH50 activities as well as the chymotrypsin, pepsin, protease, and amylase activities correlate to the control group ( P