Latitudinal changes in siphonophore assemblages across the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

Siphonophores are commonly considered to be useful indicators of water masses and water-mass movement, but their employment as such across the wider Southern Ocean has not so far been attempted. We redress this here using archived samples, collected during January-February 1993 along a transect from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:African journal of marine science 2020-04, Vol.42 (2), p.209-219
Main Authors: Kuyper, D, Thibault, D, Gibbons, MJ
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abundance
Antarctic front
archived plankton samples
biogeography
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a
Dimophyes arctica
diversity
Expeditions
Marine invertebrates
Mass movement
mesozooplankton biomass
Mixed layer
Mixed layer depth
Muggiaea bargmannae
oceanography
Plankton
Sea surface
Sub-Antarctic Front
Surface salinity
Water masses
Water temperature
Zooplankton
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Summary:Siphonophores are commonly considered to be useful indicators of water masses and water-mass movement, but their employment as such across the wider Southern Ocean has not so far been attempted. We redress this here using archived samples, collected during January-February 1993 along a transect from Cape Town to the South African National Antarctic Expedition (SANAE) base in Antarctica, and compare the patterns generated with those determined from a prior analysis of whole assemblages at lower taxonomic resolution. Twenty-one species were identified from 18 of the original 53 samples collected, and two distinct assemblages were confirmed as separated by the Sub-Antarctic Front. That to the south was characterised by low diversity and high abundance and was dominated by cold-water specialists, whereas that to the north comprised a larger number of subtropical and temperate species at low abundance. Assemblage structure was strongly influenced by the mixed layer depth, sea surface salinity and chlorophyll a concentration, as well as mesozooplankton biomass. Congruence with the whole-assemblage study was high, indicating that this taxon can be suitably employed as a proxy in studies such as this. The study emphasises the value of archived plankton samples and makes a plea for better curation.
ISSN:1814-232X
1814-2338
DOI:10.2989/1814232X.2020.1774805