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Retinal Vasculature Fractal Dimension Measures Vessel Density
Purpose: The goal of this study was to provide the empirical evidence of fractal dimension as an indirect measure of retinal vasculature density. Materials and methods: Two hundred retinal samples of right eye [57.0% females (n = 114) and 43.0% males (n = 86)] were selected from baseline visit. A cu...
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| Published in: | Current eye research 2016-06, Vol.41 (6), p.823-831 |
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| creator | Ab Hamid, Fadilah Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal Salam, Adzura Aminuddin, Amilia Mohd Daud, Norsyazwani Zahari, Ilyanoon |
| description | Purpose: The goal of this study was to provide the empirical evidence of fractal dimension as an indirect measure of retinal vasculature density.
Materials and methods: Two hundred retinal samples of right eye [57.0% females (n = 114) and 43.0% males (n = 86)] were selected from baseline visit. A custom-written software was used for vessel segmentation. Vessel segmentation is the process of transforming two-dimensional color images into binary images (i.e. black and white pixels). The circular area of approximately 2.6 optic disc radii surrounding the center of optic disc was cropped. The non-vessels fragments were removed. FracLac was used to measure the fractal dimension and vessel density of retinal vessels.
Results: This study suggested that 14.1% of the region of interest (i.e. approximately 2.6 optic disk radii) comprised retinal vessel structure. Using correlation analysis, vessel density measurement and fractal dimension estimation are linearly and strongly correlated (R = 0.942, R
2
= 0.89, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3109/02713683.2015.1056375 |
| format | article |
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Materials and methods: Two hundred retinal samples of right eye [57.0% females (n = 114) and 43.0% males (n = 86)] were selected from baseline visit. A custom-written software was used for vessel segmentation. Vessel segmentation is the process of transforming two-dimensional color images into binary images (i.e. black and white pixels). The circular area of approximately 2.6 optic disc radii surrounding the center of optic disc was cropped. The non-vessels fragments were removed. FracLac was used to measure the fractal dimension and vessel density of retinal vessels.
Results: This study suggested that 14.1% of the region of interest (i.e. approximately 2.6 optic disk radii) comprised retinal vessel structure. Using correlation analysis, vessel density measurement and fractal dimension estimation are linearly and strongly correlated (R = 0.942, R
2
= 0.89, p < 0.001). Polynomial regression model suggests quadratic regression as the best fit for our data (linear: R
2
= 0.1024, 198 d.f., p < 0.001, quadratic: R
2
= 0.1236, 197 d.f., p < 0.001, cubic: R
2
= 0.1236, 196 d.f., p < 0.001).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated the ability of vessel density measurement to detect the changes in the morphology of retinal microvascular associated with increasing age. Thus, vessel density can be suggested to be another parameter in the quantification of retinal microvasculature.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0271-3683</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-2202</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1056375</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26268475</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; fractal dimension ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; retinal ; Retinal Vessels - anatomy & histology ; Retrospective Studies ; vascular ; vessel density ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Current eye research, 2016-06, Vol.41 (6), p.823-831</ispartof><rights>2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c366t-be90b344a71c82c64947c3db666da3491dcad6b3f04f8c59f61db363c048835c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c366t-be90b344a71c82c64947c3db666da3491dcad6b3f04f8c59f61db363c048835c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268475$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ab Hamid, Fadilah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salam, Adzura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aminuddin, Amilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohd Daud, Norsyazwani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zahari, Ilyanoon</creatorcontrib><title>Retinal Vasculature Fractal Dimension Measures Vessel Density</title><title>Current eye research</title><addtitle>Curr Eye Res</addtitle><description>Purpose: The goal of this study was to provide the empirical evidence of fractal dimension as an indirect measure of retinal vasculature density.
Materials and methods: Two hundred retinal samples of right eye [57.0% females (n = 114) and 43.0% males (n = 86)] were selected from baseline visit. A custom-written software was used for vessel segmentation. Vessel segmentation is the process of transforming two-dimensional color images into binary images (i.e. black and white pixels). The circular area of approximately 2.6 optic disc radii surrounding the center of optic disc was cropped. The non-vessels fragments were removed. FracLac was used to measure the fractal dimension and vessel density of retinal vessels.
Results: This study suggested that 14.1% of the region of interest (i.e. approximately 2.6 optic disk radii) comprised retinal vessel structure. Using correlation analysis, vessel density measurement and fractal dimension estimation are linearly and strongly correlated (R = 0.942, R
2
= 0.89, p < 0.001). Polynomial regression model suggests quadratic regression as the best fit for our data (linear: R
2
= 0.1024, 198 d.f., p < 0.001, quadratic: R
2
= 0.1236, 197 d.f., p < 0.001, cubic: R
2
= 0.1236, 196 d.f., p < 0.001).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated the ability of vessel density measurement to detect the changes in the morphology of retinal microvascular associated with increasing age. Thus, vessel density can be suggested to be another parameter in the quantification of retinal microvasculature.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>fractal dimension</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>retinal</subject><subject>Retinal Vessels - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>vascular</subject><subject>vessel density</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0271-3683</issn><issn>1460-2202</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1Lw0AQhhdRbK3-BCVHL6n7OdkcBKVaFSqCaK_LZrOBSD7qToL035vQ1qOngXeedwYeQi4ZnQtG0xvKEyZAizmnTM0ZVSASdUSmTAKNOaf8mExHJh6hCTlD_KJ0DOQpmXDgoGWipuT23XdlY6tobdH1le364KNlsK4bsoey9g2WbRO9eovDBqO1R_TDZsy77Tk5KWyF_mI_Z-Rz-fixeI5Xb08vi_tV7ARAF2c-pZmQ0ibMae5ApjJxIs8AILdCpix3NodMFFQW2qm0AJZnAoSjUmuhnJiR693dTWi_e4-dqUt0vqps49seDUtSpYFpzQZU7VAXWsTgC7MJZW3D1jBqRnPmYM6M5sze3NC72r_os9rnf62DqgG42wFlU7Shtj9tqHLT2W3VhiLYxpU43v_vxy9-_3xp</recordid><startdate>20160602</startdate><enddate>20160602</enddate><creator>Ab Hamid, Fadilah</creator><creator>Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal</creator><creator>Salam, Adzura</creator><creator>Aminuddin, Amilia</creator><creator>Mohd Daud, Norsyazwani</creator><creator>Zahari, Ilyanoon</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160602</creationdate><title>Retinal Vasculature Fractal Dimension Measures Vessel Density</title><author>Ab Hamid, Fadilah ; Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal ; Salam, Adzura ; Aminuddin, Amilia ; Mohd Daud, Norsyazwani ; Zahari, Ilyanoon</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c366t-be90b344a71c82c64947c3db666da3491dcad6b3f04f8c59f61db363c048835c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>fractal dimension</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>retinal</topic><topic>Retinal Vessels - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>vascular</topic><topic>vessel density</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ab Hamid, Fadilah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salam, Adzura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aminuddin, Amilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohd Daud, Norsyazwani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zahari, Ilyanoon</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Current eye research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ab Hamid, Fadilah</au><au>Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal</au><au>Salam, Adzura</au><au>Aminuddin, Amilia</au><au>Mohd Daud, Norsyazwani</au><au>Zahari, Ilyanoon</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Retinal Vasculature Fractal Dimension Measures Vessel Density</atitle><jtitle>Current eye research</jtitle><addtitle>Curr Eye Res</addtitle><date>2016-06-02</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>823</spage><epage>831</epage><pages>823-831</pages><issn>0271-3683</issn><eissn>1460-2202</eissn><abstract>Purpose: The goal of this study was to provide the empirical evidence of fractal dimension as an indirect measure of retinal vasculature density.
Materials and methods: Two hundred retinal samples of right eye [57.0% females (n = 114) and 43.0% males (n = 86)] were selected from baseline visit. A custom-written software was used for vessel segmentation. Vessel segmentation is the process of transforming two-dimensional color images into binary images (i.e. black and white pixels). The circular area of approximately 2.6 optic disc radii surrounding the center of optic disc was cropped. The non-vessels fragments were removed. FracLac was used to measure the fractal dimension and vessel density of retinal vessels.
Results: This study suggested that 14.1% of the region of interest (i.e. approximately 2.6 optic disk radii) comprised retinal vessel structure. Using correlation analysis, vessel density measurement and fractal dimension estimation are linearly and strongly correlated (R = 0.942, R
2
= 0.89, p < 0.001). Polynomial regression model suggests quadratic regression as the best fit for our data (linear: R
2
= 0.1024, 198 d.f., p < 0.001, quadratic: R
2
= 0.1236, 197 d.f., p < 0.001, cubic: R
2
= 0.1236, 196 d.f., p < 0.001).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated the ability of vessel density measurement to detect the changes in the morphology of retinal microvascular associated with increasing age. Thus, vessel density can be suggested to be another parameter in the quantification of retinal microvasculature.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>26268475</pmid><doi>10.3109/02713683.2015.1056375</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Taylor and Francis:Jisc Collections:Taylor and Francis Read and Publish Agreement 2024-2025:Medical Collection (Reading list) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Aged Child Female fractal dimension Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods Male Middle Aged Reference Values Reproducibility of Results retinal Retinal Vessels - anatomy & histology Retrospective Studies vascular vessel density Young Adult |
| title | Retinal Vasculature Fractal Dimension Measures Vessel Density |
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