Effect of millimeter waves and cyclophosphamide on cytokine regulation

We have reported previously that millimeter waves (MMWs) protect T-cell functions from the toxic side effects of cyclophosphamide (CPA), an anticancer drug. Since the effect of MMWs has been reported to be mediated by endogenous opioids, the present study was undertaken to investigate the role of en...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology 2012-02, Vol.34 (1), p.107-112
Main Authors: Logani, Mahendra K., Alekseev, Stanislav, Bhopale, Mahendra K., Slovinsky, William S., Ziskin, Marvin C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators - biosynthesis
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide - pharmacology
Cytokines - biosynthesis
endogenous opioids
Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects
Gene Expression Regulation - radiation effects
immunomodulation
Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacology
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
millimeter waves
Radio Waves
Th1 Cells - metabolism
Th1/Th2 cytokines
Th2 Cells - metabolism
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Summary:We have reported previously that millimeter waves (MMWs) protect T-cell functions from the toxic side effects of cyclophosphamide (CPA), an anticancer drug. Since the effect of MMWs has been reported to be mediated by endogenous opioids, the present study was undertaken to investigate the role of endogenous opioids in protection of T-cell functions by MMWs. The effect of MMWs (42.2 GHz, incident power density = 38 mW/cm2) was studied on CPA-induced suppression of cytokine release by T cells in the presence of selective opioid receptor antagonists (ORA). Production of cytokines was measured in CD4 T cells isolated from splenocytes. Treatment of mice with CPA suppressed the formation of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2), shifting the overall balance toward Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5). MMW irradiation of CPA-treated groups up-regulated the production of Th1 cytokines suppressed by CPA. Treatment of the CPA+MMW group with selective kappa (κ) ORA further potentiated this effect of MMWs on Th1 cytokine production, whereas treatment with μ or δ ORA increased the imbalance of cytokine production in the Th2 direction. These results provide further evidence that endogenous opioids are involved in immunomodulation by MMWs.
ISSN:0892-3973
1532-2513
DOI:10.3109/08923973.2011.583252